The Meteor as a Symbol in the Scarlet Letter

The Meteor that Dimmesdale sees in Chapter 12 of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is an important symbol. As the minister watches the night sky, together with Hester and Pearl, a meteor appears that traces out an „Aâ€Å". While most of the people think that the „Aâ€Å" stands for „Angelâ€Å" and is showing that Governor Winthrop is gone and it marks his the entry to heaven, which will be proofed later on, but Dimmesdale, on the other hand, interprets it differently. Him hiding his sins and „cover his heart with his handâ€Å", the „Aâ€Å" reminds him of Hester‘s Scarlet Letter. He thinks, it is a sign for him to wear the mark of shame too, so as Hester does. Seeing that God is trying to show his sins to the public, what he does not want, even through he is dying of that. The minister only will find peace by telling and confessing his sin and accepting it finally, to what he is not able to do until the end of the book. This symbol shows us that there is more than one way to interpret things, like the Puritan way, who think of messages from God, typical warnings and bad things that will happen to them affecting their community. Dimmesdale only thinks about himself and the issue he has, he only interprets the meteor his way and no other, the symbol helped pushing him forward to finally built up the courage, he so badly needs to confess in front of the townspeople.

Things fall apart

A story or poem in which the characters setting and events stand for other people and events or for abstract ideas or qualities. Alliteration- The repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words usually at the beginning of the word. Conflict- The opposition between characters or forces, especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot. Connotation- Associations and implications that go beyond the written word. Denotation- The dictionary definition of a word. Organizing- Use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. Hyperbole- A bold, exaggerated statement. Metaphor- Comparison between like things without using like or as. Oxymoron- A paradox in which two contradictory or opposite words are used together. Personification- Animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are given human characteristics, abilities, or reactions. Satire- Witty language used to convey insults or scorn. Symbol- An object or action that means or stands for so mething else more significant than its literal meaning.Literary Terms from A Step From Heaven â€Å"My toes are fish† – metaphor â€Å"The waves dance† – personification l am a sea bubble floating, floating in a dream† – metaphor, symbol â€Å"sleepy blanket face† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"like the insides of the bottles that get left on the street† – simile â€Å"bleed water from the sea† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"hands together tight like a closed book† – simile â€Å"dark round monkey eyes† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"sleepy eyes like cats in the sun† – simile, imagery â€Å"like someone is poking it with a stick† – imagery â€Å"soft and tickly as seagull feathers† – simile ‘†see my stomach' she barks† – personification â€Å"her long hair plays in the wind† – personification I thump my head like a ripe watermelon† – simile â€Å"l watch Mamma's shoes talk to the road† – personification â€Å"big as fish mouths† – simile â€Å"hair that can play in the wind, light as a kite† – simile â€Å"Yes, I lie, quiet as snow† – simile â€Å"waiting for Heaven† – foreshadowing â€Å"until my mouth is ready to learn† – imagery â€Å"big floppy tongue† – imagery â€Å"let us say it is a step from Heaven† – foreshadowing Literary Terms from Copper Sun â€Å"So shiny and smooth, Mari marveled. – imagery â€Å"Like weaving blankets out of sand. † – simile â€Å"As round and brown as a Kola nut† – simile, imagery Fly my baby brother, Fly away! † – foreshadowing â€Å"It was like a small city made of wood† – imagery â€Å"pieces of cloth, larger than a hut† – simile â€Å"as much help as a rabbit in the rice field! † – simile â€Å"We done fell out of the tree and hit every branch on the way down! † – metaphor â€Å"hunger lived with them everyday† – personification â€Å"she fight like a lion† – simile. Things Fall Apart Jordan Knoke English 102 Ember Smith 21 June 2010 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe writes a fascinating book, Things Fall Apart, where he talks about the struggle of a man, Okonkwo, who lives between the pride of his culture and the pride of his manhood. Achebe is from, where the novel originates, Nigeria. Achebe has been one of the most influential and important authors in African history. It is very important to get a view from a native African’s point of view: a person who has seen what has gone on and experienced the trials and wars of Nigeria and other African countries.The Igbo religion was the primary religion in the village where the story is set. Okonkwo who has been in the village of Umofia for his entire life, starts to see the tribe transpire and shift away from its normal beliefs. This happens when Christian missionaries arrive in the country to try and turn the people of Umofia and other tribes to their religion of Christianity. Nigeria during this time was in dif ficult times because they were under the rule by Great Britain. Achebe does a wonderful job in the book describing how much of an influence the outsiders had.The culture, religion, ethics, spirit, war, peace, and labor are some of the words that describe this book in a nutshell. Things Fall Apart is a book of knowledge and discipline. These two characteristics are an underlying occurrence in the book. Okonkwo is man who displays both of these qualities, thus, which leads to his downfall. Chinua Achebe, known for his bestselling novels, poems, and essays, was born in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria (Gerard). Achebe has been known for five great books, but the most read and talked about has been Things Fall Apart.Achebe’s books have been translated in some fifty languages. Especially in Africa and his homeland of Nigeria, Achebe is looked upon like a God and somebody that people can look up to. Achebe was very bright in his early years as a child; he began to learn English when he was o nly eight years old (Achebe). In 1948, Achebe went to University College in Nigeria to initially study medicine, but something made him change his mind (Achebe). He changed his major to English literary studies to practice the skills of becoming a writer and learn about the practices of English culture.After graduating from University College, Achebe went on to become a producer for a Nigerian broadcasting company. It was not till after that, in London, that Achebe would truly find his talent of writing. One of his teachers in London had requested Achebe to publish and write the book, Things Fall Apart. The timing of the book could not have been any better because Great Britain had control over Nigeria and was severely pressured into colonizing the country. Within ten years of this conflict, Achebe published the book.It set off a vibe that usually does not go off when someone publishes a book. This book did just that. Things Fall Apart is the view from a small Nigerian village that sees its principles and doctrines taken over outsiders from another country. From a Nigerian who has probably seen this in happen in real life is very important to the people of Africa. For someone like Achebe to tell the story of Africans and how they live, eat, drink, and worship Gods tells the whole world how an everyday African lives.When a country rules over a territory or a certain land it can have a strangle on the people of that village, tribe, or colony. Chinua Achebe describes the setting of the story beautifully. In the village of Umofia men, women, and children are taught to be tough minded. This is the case for Okonkwo. A warrior who is tough, strong, disciplined, and well liked in his tribe. Achebe realizes the struggles and pains that Nigerians and other Africans go through. They struggle with money, time, and personal problems. These personal problems could be with a family member or it could be with their Gods or ancestors.This is why Achebe decided to write a book of this nature: To ensure the people of Nigeria of nation building, economic building, and strong government. Two years after the book was written, Great Britain gave Nigeria its independence from them (Nigeria). This colossal achievement for the people of Nigeria gave them a new start in life; a start that would allow them to be free and have the political and ethical freedom to do as they choose. Achebe has been one of the most inspirational and influential writers during his time because of his obvious background.Nigeria will probably never produce someone as important as Achebe ever again. Learning the process of becoming a writer for Achebe was definitely hard work. Growing up for Achebe was very difficult; the conditions had to have been rough in the country of Nigeria where poverty and sickness were widely recognized. To grow up to be a man that he is now, that has been one of the greater achievements that any writer has achieved. Achebe’s parents: Janet and Isaiah Ach ebe were very influential on his life. Isaiah Achebe was a teacher at the Chuch Missionary Society in Nigeria (Achebe).It is always important to have great idols and parents to look up to for that parent to set an example on their child so they can have a great life ahead of them. Achebe wrote five major books in his career: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). All five of these major works have something in common. They all have the same interest in African society and how religion, domestication, and nations collide with the outside world or within different countries.Achebe has done his part over the past 50 years, providing readers from all over the world the history, culture, and background that African society has been founded on for thousands of years. Since Achebe has settled down the past 10 or 20 years, he has received recognition and awards for his outstanding writing. He has received numerous doctorates and is an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1999, Achebe was honored by being appointed to the U. N Population Fund; Achebe’s works throughout his career was also translated in 40 different languages (Achebe).In the story, Things Fall Apart, a man, Okonkwo struggles with his own tendencies and mishaps that cost him in the end of the story. Achebe, a native African, writing this book about the culture and life of a certain village in Nigeria was huge. It was huge because it was the first major novel written by an African about Africa. Challenges about the novel speak of the Western influence of Europe, such as Great Britain on African colonies and countries. The work of this book came around the time of decolonization, where western European countries gave independence to African counties, including Nigeria.What Achebe does so well throughout the entire book is that he lets the reader try and figure out i f the Ibo people are romanticized or if the outsiders are actually there for some or no reason at all. Achebe lets the reader think and figure out the entire colonialism and impact of the white missionaries in Africa. One of the major themes that gets introduced throughout the book is the theme of war. War was a prominent way of life in Nigeria. If a man were not to fight in tribal wars, then he would be considered a coward that would not get the recognition of other prominent men in the tribes.Okonkwo, the main character, is a violent warrior who has been perceived as a person who looks for solutions in the way of war, violence, and death instead of resorting to peaceful solutions. The violence that Okonkwo shows to his friends, sons, daughters, and wives leads to the destruction of his image and reputation. Okonkwo also has a problem with softness and not being manly enough. Growing up, Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was soft and gentle. He was not viewed as a warlike person or s omeone who would be a warrior of the tribes. Okonkwo did not want to be like this.He wanted to be the head of his household, also called obi, and wanted to be the person who killed the most men in war. That was his objective growing up in the village of Umofia. A man who does not back down, does not show his weaknesses, and does not want to lose no matter what. War has always been a way of life in this village. Fighting other colonies and tribes has been going on for thousands of years and will probably never stop. This is why Okonkwo portrays himself as a warlike person who does not like to show his softer side. The other theme that shows itself numerous times in the book is peace.Again Okonkwo struggles to find the connection within him to find peace. Peace is a tough thing to find if someone does not try hard enough to use it in the necessary scenarios. With his violent ways and backgrounds Okonkwo does not have that inner peace that could settle him down or resolve to a softer s ituation. He struggles mightily with the thought of peace being achieved. The situation changes before Okonkwo’s very eyes and the others of Umofia that the outside world is wanting to change the way people live in Africa. The downfall of Okonkwo’s life is derived between war and peace.Obtaining peace and fighting wars against other countries brings fate. It may not always be easy, but at the end of the day peace is given and a country is set free of captivity. The country of Nigeria has long been a country of disarray and in development. It has been a country of poverty and sickness. 250 ethnic tribes call Nigeria home. The three most major tribes are Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa (Nigeria). Igbo, of course, is the main tribe that the book speaks of. Located in the western part of Africa, Nigeria is home to savannas, tropical forests, and coastal wetlands.Farming is a very important way of life in Nigeria, as with each country in Africa. Nigeria covers an area close to 360, 000 square miles; it is also twice the size of the state of California. The political state of Nigeria consists of thirty-six states. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja (Nigeria). It has been the capital since 1991. Nigeria is strong in ethnicity. The primary religions in the country are Muslim and Christians. These two religions make up about 90% of the ethnicity in Africa (Curry). However, between the two religions comes hardships and violence.Differences between beliefs of the two can present a problem, especially when they are two totally different ways of belief. When Great Britain began to get involved with nations in Africa, it set its eyes on Nigeria. It all began in 1887 when British forces began to surge on the eastern coast of Africa. Sir George Goldie, founder of the Royal Niger Company acquired the interior of Nigeria. Influence of British cultures and traditions was way too much of a factor in countries such as Nigeria. This influence set the basis for rule over the count ry by establishing the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in 1900 (Curry).Through hardships and trying times, Nigeria was a country with one of the highest population rates and also a high rate of disease and poverty. In 1960 Nigeria became an independent member of the British Commonwealth. Then in 1963, becoming a republic. Nigeria’s first elected president ever to take over was Nnamdi Azikiwe (Curry). Things Fall Apart was probably one of the most interesting books to read because the language, history, and spirituality. These characteristics are what make Achebe’s book spectacular. The way he uses words makes him one of the best authors ever.The life of a man such as Okonkwo to end in such tragedy is always a shame. Especially when the main character who sees his village turn for the worst after British missionaries convert men, women, and children to Christianity. This is when we saw the rise and fall of a man who wanted to see his homeland keep its same values and n ot have outsiders come in and take everything over. Okonkwo was a main of strength, courage, and honor. These are the qualities that made him one of the most powerful and warrior-like men in the village. Achebe always does a wonderful job of portraying the use of a man and use of a woman.Men were obviously the more powerful and head of the house. Women, on the other hand, were basically servants and did not really hold that much authority. Achebe does a great job to focus on Okonkwo and how much his children and wives respect and how they are afraid of him. That’s how much a man can have an influence on others. Works Citied â€Å"Achebe, Chinua. † Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 4-8. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Curry, Tim. â€Å"Nigeria. † Countries and Their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. . New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 1624-1642. Gale Virtual Reference Library . Web. 21 June 2010. Gerard, Albert S. â€Å"Achebe, Chinua (1930-). † Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. â€Å"Nigeria. † Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 11th ed. Vol. 2: Africa. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 423-439. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † Literary Themes for Students: War and Peace. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 519-534. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Things fall apart A story or poem in which the characters setting and events stand for other people and events or for abstract ideas or qualities. Alliteration- The repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words usually at the beginning of the word. Conflict- The opposition between characters or forces, especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot. Connotation- Associations and implications that go beyond the written word. Denotation- The dictionary definition of a word. Organizing- Use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. Hyperbole- A bold, exaggerated statement. Metaphor- Comparison between like things without using like or as. Oxymoron- A paradox in which two contradictory or opposite words are used together. Personification- Animals, ideas, and inanimate objects are given human characteristics, abilities, or reactions. Satire- Witty language used to convey insults or scorn. Symbol- An object or action that means or stands for so mething else more significant than its literal meaning.Literary Terms from A Step From Heaven â€Å"My toes are fish† – metaphor â€Å"The waves dance† – personification l am a sea bubble floating, floating in a dream† – metaphor, symbol â€Å"sleepy blanket face† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"like the insides of the bottles that get left on the street† – simile â€Å"bleed water from the sea† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"hands together tight like a closed book† – simile â€Å"dark round monkey eyes† – imagery, metaphor â€Å"sleepy eyes like cats in the sun† – simile, imagery â€Å"like someone is poking it with a stick† – imagery â€Å"soft and tickly as seagull feathers† – simile ‘†see my stomach' she barks† – personification â€Å"her long hair plays in the wind† – personification I thump my head like a ripe watermelon† – simile â€Å"l watch Mamma's shoes talk to the road† – personification â€Å"big as fish mouths† – simile â€Å"hair that can play in the wind, light as a kite† – simile â€Å"Yes, I lie, quiet as snow† – simile â€Å"waiting for Heaven† – foreshadowing â€Å"until my mouth is ready to learn† – imagery â€Å"big floppy tongue† – imagery â€Å"let us say it is a step from Heaven† – foreshadowing Literary Terms from Copper Sun â€Å"So shiny and smooth, Mari marveled. – imagery â€Å"Like weaving blankets out of sand. † – simile â€Å"As round and brown as a Kola nut† – simile, imagery Fly my baby brother, Fly away! † – foreshadowing â€Å"It was like a small city made of wood† – imagery â€Å"pieces of cloth, larger than a hut† – simile â€Å"as much help as a rabbit in the rice field! † – simile â€Å"We done fell out of the tree and hit every branch on the way down! † – metaphor â€Å"hunger lived with them everyday† – personification â€Å"she fight like a lion† – simile. Things Fall Apart Jordan Knoke English 102 Ember Smith 21 June 2010 Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe writes a fascinating book, Things Fall Apart, where he talks about the struggle of a man, Okonkwo, who lives between the pride of his culture and the pride of his manhood. Achebe is from, where the novel originates, Nigeria. Achebe has been one of the most influential and important authors in African history. It is very important to get a view from a native African’s point of view: a person who has seen what has gone on and experienced the trials and wars of Nigeria and other African countries.The Igbo religion was the primary religion in the village where the story is set. Okonkwo who has been in the village of Umofia for his entire life, starts to see the tribe transpire and shift away from its normal beliefs. This happens when Christian missionaries arrive in the country to try and turn the people of Umofia and other tribes to their religion of Christianity. Nigeria during this time was in dif ficult times because they were under the rule by Great Britain. Achebe does a wonderful job in the book describing how much of an influence the outsiders had.The culture, religion, ethics, spirit, war, peace, and labor are some of the words that describe this book in a nutshell. Things Fall Apart is a book of knowledge and discipline. These two characteristics are an underlying occurrence in the book. Okonkwo is man who displays both of these qualities, thus, which leads to his downfall. Chinua Achebe, known for his bestselling novels, poems, and essays, was born in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria (Gerard). Achebe has been known for five great books, but the most read and talked about has been Things Fall Apart.Achebe’s books have been translated in some fifty languages. Especially in Africa and his homeland of Nigeria, Achebe is looked upon like a God and somebody that people can look up to. Achebe was very bright in his early years as a child; he began to learn English when he was o nly eight years old (Achebe). In 1948, Achebe went to University College in Nigeria to initially study medicine, but something made him change his mind (Achebe). He changed his major to English literary studies to practice the skills of becoming a writer and learn about the practices of English culture.After graduating from University College, Achebe went on to become a producer for a Nigerian broadcasting company. It was not till after that, in London, that Achebe would truly find his talent of writing. One of his teachers in London had requested Achebe to publish and write the book, Things Fall Apart. The timing of the book could not have been any better because Great Britain had control over Nigeria and was severely pressured into colonizing the country. Within ten years of this conflict, Achebe published the book.It set off a vibe that usually does not go off when someone publishes a book. This book did just that. Things Fall Apart is the view from a small Nigerian village that sees its principles and doctrines taken over outsiders from another country. From a Nigerian who has probably seen this in happen in real life is very important to the people of Africa. For someone like Achebe to tell the story of Africans and how they live, eat, drink, and worship Gods tells the whole world how an everyday African lives.When a country rules over a territory or a certain land it can have a strangle on the people of that village, tribe, or colony. Chinua Achebe describes the setting of the story beautifully. In the village of Umofia men, women, and children are taught to be tough minded. This is the case for Okonkwo. A warrior who is tough, strong, disciplined, and well liked in his tribe. Achebe realizes the struggles and pains that Nigerians and other Africans go through. They struggle with money, time, and personal problems. These personal problems could be with a family member or it could be with their Gods or ancestors.This is why Achebe decided to write a book of this nature: To ensure the people of Nigeria of nation building, economic building, and strong government. Two years after the book was written, Great Britain gave Nigeria its independence from them (Nigeria). This colossal achievement for the people of Nigeria gave them a new start in life; a start that would allow them to be free and have the political and ethical freedom to do as they choose. Achebe has been one of the most inspirational and influential writers during his time because of his obvious background.Nigeria will probably never produce someone as important as Achebe ever again. Learning the process of becoming a writer for Achebe was definitely hard work. Growing up for Achebe was very difficult; the conditions had to have been rough in the country of Nigeria where poverty and sickness were widely recognized. To grow up to be a man that he is now, that has been one of the greater achievements that any writer has achieved. Achebe’s parents: Janet and Isaiah Ach ebe were very influential on his life. Isaiah Achebe was a teacher at the Chuch Missionary Society in Nigeria (Achebe).It is always important to have great idols and parents to look up to for that parent to set an example on their child so they can have a great life ahead of them. Achebe wrote five major books in his career: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). All five of these major works have something in common. They all have the same interest in African society and how religion, domestication, and nations collide with the outside world or within different countries.Achebe has done his part over the past 50 years, providing readers from all over the world the history, culture, and background that African society has been founded on for thousands of years. Since Achebe has settled down the past 10 or 20 years, he has received recognition and awards for his outstanding writing. He has received numerous doctorates and is an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. In 1999, Achebe was honored by being appointed to the U. N Population Fund; Achebe’s works throughout his career was also translated in 40 different languages (Achebe).In the story, Things Fall Apart, a man, Okonkwo struggles with his own tendencies and mishaps that cost him in the end of the story. Achebe, a native African, writing this book about the culture and life of a certain village in Nigeria was huge. It was huge because it was the first major novel written by an African about Africa. Challenges about the novel speak of the Western influence of Europe, such as Great Britain on African colonies and countries. The work of this book came around the time of decolonization, where western European countries gave independence to African counties, including Nigeria.What Achebe does so well throughout the entire book is that he lets the reader try and figure out i f the Ibo people are romanticized or if the outsiders are actually there for some or no reason at all. Achebe lets the reader think and figure out the entire colonialism and impact of the white missionaries in Africa. One of the major themes that gets introduced throughout the book is the theme of war. War was a prominent way of life in Nigeria. If a man were not to fight in tribal wars, then he would be considered a coward that would not get the recognition of other prominent men in the tribes.Okonkwo, the main character, is a violent warrior who has been perceived as a person who looks for solutions in the way of war, violence, and death instead of resorting to peaceful solutions. The violence that Okonkwo shows to his friends, sons, daughters, and wives leads to the destruction of his image and reputation. Okonkwo also has a problem with softness and not being manly enough. Growing up, Okonkwo’s father, Unoka, was soft and gentle. He was not viewed as a warlike person or s omeone who would be a warrior of the tribes. Okonkwo did not want to be like this.He wanted to be the head of his household, also called obi, and wanted to be the person who killed the most men in war. That was his objective growing up in the village of Umofia. A man who does not back down, does not show his weaknesses, and does not want to lose no matter what. War has always been a way of life in this village. Fighting other colonies and tribes has been going on for thousands of years and will probably never stop. This is why Okonkwo portrays himself as a warlike person who does not like to show his softer side. The other theme that shows itself numerous times in the book is peace.Again Okonkwo struggles to find the connection within him to find peace. Peace is a tough thing to find if someone does not try hard enough to use it in the necessary scenarios. With his violent ways and backgrounds Okonkwo does not have that inner peace that could settle him down or resolve to a softer s ituation. He struggles mightily with the thought of peace being achieved. The situation changes before Okonkwo’s very eyes and the others of Umofia that the outside world is wanting to change the way people live in Africa. The downfall of Okonkwo’s life is derived between war and peace.Obtaining peace and fighting wars against other countries brings fate. It may not always be easy, but at the end of the day peace is given and a country is set free of captivity. The country of Nigeria has long been a country of disarray and in development. It has been a country of poverty and sickness. 250 ethnic tribes call Nigeria home. The three most major tribes are Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa (Nigeria). Igbo, of course, is the main tribe that the book speaks of. Located in the western part of Africa, Nigeria is home to savannas, tropical forests, and coastal wetlands.Farming is a very important way of life in Nigeria, as with each country in Africa. Nigeria covers an area close to 360, 000 square miles; it is also twice the size of the state of California. The political state of Nigeria consists of thirty-six states. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja (Nigeria). It has been the capital since 1991. Nigeria is strong in ethnicity. The primary religions in the country are Muslim and Christians. These two religions make up about 90% of the ethnicity in Africa (Curry). However, between the two religions comes hardships and violence.Differences between beliefs of the two can present a problem, especially when they are two totally different ways of belief. When Great Britain began to get involved with nations in Africa, it set its eyes on Nigeria. It all began in 1887 when British forces began to surge on the eastern coast of Africa. Sir George Goldie, founder of the Royal Niger Company acquired the interior of Nigeria. Influence of British cultures and traditions was way too much of a factor in countries such as Nigeria. This influence set the basis for rule over the count ry by establishing the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in 1900 (Curry).Through hardships and trying times, Nigeria was a country with one of the highest population rates and also a high rate of disease and poverty. In 1960 Nigeria became an independent member of the British Commonwealth. Then in 1963, becoming a republic. Nigeria’s first elected president ever to take over was Nnamdi Azikiwe (Curry). Things Fall Apart was probably one of the most interesting books to read because the language, history, and spirituality. These characteristics are what make Achebe’s book spectacular. The way he uses words makes him one of the best authors ever.The life of a man such as Okonkwo to end in such tragedy is always a shame. Especially when the main character who sees his village turn for the worst after British missionaries convert men, women, and children to Christianity. This is when we saw the rise and fall of a man who wanted to see his homeland keep its same values and n ot have outsiders come in and take everything over. Okonkwo was a main of strength, courage, and honor. These are the qualities that made him one of the most powerful and warrior-like men in the village. Achebe always does a wonderful job of portraying the use of a man and use of a woman.Men were obviously the more powerful and head of the house. Women, on the other hand, were basically servants and did not really hold that much authority. Achebe does a great job to focus on Okonkwo and how much his children and wives respect and how they are afraid of him. That’s how much a man can have an influence on others. Works Citied â€Å"Achebe, Chinua. † Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 4-8. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. Curry, Tim. â€Å"Nigeria. † Countries and Their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. . New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 1624-1642. Gale Virtual Reference Library . Web. 21 June 2010. Gerard, Albert S. â€Å"Achebe, Chinua (1930-). † Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Suzanne M. Bourgoin. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. â€Å"Nigeria. † Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 11th ed. Vol. 2: Africa. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 423-439. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010. â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † Literary Themes for Students: War and Peace. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 519-534. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 June 2010.

Homework on essay Essay

1. What is the new concept of education? For more than decades now, our constant contact with the Americans transformed us and led us to the evolution of our public schools and democratic institutions which then, in turn, developed in us our national consciousness in strength and in solidarity. It gave rise to a new concept of education which is deemed as the training of an individual for the duties and privileges of a citizen not only for his own happiness and efficiency, but also for his contribution to the national sphere at large. As the State’s primary responsibility is to provide for the education of every member of the society, it follows that an educated Filipino must possess three characteristics as enumerated by Francisco Benitez in his essay â€Å"What is an Educated Filipino? † 2. According to the author, what is the first quality should distinguish the educated Filipino? First is the power to do which embraces not only the ability of the Filipinos to produce material goods but also the valuable services rendered to society through institutions such as the home, the school, the church and the government. This is best exemplified by a mother who takes good care of her family. 3. What should be the second quality of an educated Filipino? Second, a Filipino is one who is distinguished not only by one’s knowledge of the world’s progress but also and more importantly by one’s understanding of one’s race, people and country – the ideals and morals that are cherished herein. How can a Filipino claim to call himself educated when he has conquered the world yet he is ignorant of his own culture and origin? 4. What should be the third quality of an educated Filipino? The third is that the educated Filipino is one who is deep-rooted in one’s speech and conduct. One must put into practice those elements recognized as concomitant to culture and morality. Hence, one makes use of such elements for one’s growth as an individual and for a nation’s development as a whole. 5. Which of the three qualities do you consider the most important? The third quality, because the Filipino must have ingrained in his speech and conduct those elements that are everywhere recognized as accompaniments of culture andmorality, so that, possessing the capacity for self-entertainment and study, he may not be at the mercy of the pleasure of the senses or a burden to himself when alone. 6. What are the other qualities would you like to add for the betterment of the Filipinos today?

Liberal Democratic Model in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liberal Democratic Model in the USA - Essay Example Liberal Democratic Model - USA There exist different versions of liberal democracy adopted by countries. Using case study, this paper will address the concept of liberal democracy in the United States of America. Freedom of speech, elections, and separation of power, are components of democracy, which will be analyzed using the liberal democratic model to determine how USA embraces liberal democracy. The concept of democracy dates back to Aristotle’s era. He was the first Greek philosopher to explore this concept. Later, Christian thinkers related democracy with the worship of God, that all human beings are equal before God. The American Revolution was first to introduce components of liberal democracy. Slavery and other discriminatory practices were abandoned, as Americans embraced a more popular rule. This marked a new beginning of liberal democracy in America. Today, liberal democracy is associated with the American political philosophy (Vanberg, 2011). Components of libera l democracy are dynamic. For instance, in the 18th Century, liberalism protected citizens from the government. However, in 20th Century people started to consider governments as source of protection from social crimes. In the USA, the human rights activists rely on government authority to develop programs that enhance human rights. The government is no longer a threat to its citizen’s freedom, but a positive force (Neal, Douglas, Simon, and Joseph, 2012). The liberal democratic model encompasses three views, political pluralism, the elitist theory, and the Marxist view of power. As we shall see, political pluralism is deeply rooted in American politics. Pluralism theory holds that multiple groups, and not few individuals, run a country. These groups are; trade unions, environmental groups, and civil rights bodies, among others, which influence a country’s policymaking process. In pluralism, political power is distributed differently among the groups. For example, the C ongress addresses tax issues, the president sends the USA army on missions, the Supreme Court passes the death penalty, and a police officer stops a motorist for over speeding. In the USA, of all the multiple groups, no single elite group dominates. Some of these groups are well funded, organized, and have more influence, while others are not. They also vary in size, are politically autonomous, and exercise their right to participate in the politics. Freedom of speech is an element of democracy, which characterizes a pluralist society. In democratic states, freedom of speech ranks above all liberties. In the US, freedom of speech is provided in the constitution’s First Amendment of the Bills of Rights, and in different state and federal laws. Individuals and organized groups, including the media, are free to air their opinions on political decisions, thus indirectly controlling political leaders. Individuals have the right to gather information and hold meetings. However, in the US, restrictions are put on child pornography, obscenity, and lawless acts, among others. Separation of power is another element of democracy present in a politically pluralist society. In the US, state power is divided into three parts. These are: 1. The legislative power (the Congress) 2. The executive power (the president) 3. The judiciary power (Courts) The US constitution authorizes the legislative to makes law, the executive to enforce law, and the judiciary to interpret law.

Fire Service Pro Qual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fire Service Pro Qual - Essay Example However, the systems main emphasis is on the procedures used to administer examinations. In doing this, the system ensures that the participating institutions and entities act in accordance with IFSAC’s laid down procedures and policy framework aimed at improving the quality of the certification programs (IFSAC). It is important to point out that IFSAC’s role is to give accreditation to institutions and programs that provide certification to individuals. In effect, this implies that IFSAC role is not to accredit fire departments. Like IFSAC, the Pro Board was established in 1990 with the responsibility of accrediting organizations that followed the professional qualifications standards provided by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). In this case, the system’s primary responsibility is to accredit organizations that provided certification to career and voluntary firefighters in public fire departments. Nonetheless, it is crucial to note that the Pro Board also considers other organizations with fire protection interests. Certified individuals from Pro Board’s accredited entities meet the rigorous national standards measurements measured against their peers. In addition, the accreditation enhances the credibility of an organization, which helps the organization secure more funds during budget time (The Pro Board). The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), provides various certifications to ensure that fire professionals acquired the requisite ability, which requires knowledge and skills, in order to remain competent in their line of duty. One such certification is on professional qualifications for fire inspectors. In order to achieve this certification, fire inspectors should have the knowledge, skills, and ability required to perform their roles. First, a fire inspector should have the ability to prepare inspection reports that are clear and concise according to the codes and standards. In

Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey Brand Project Research Paper

Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey Brand Project - Research Paper Example Taking account of the possible challenges that may befall an entrant company in a new market, this paper will propose plan that will enable Brown Forman Corporation to make stylistic entrance into the Brazilian market using their Jack Daniel’s Whiskey. The paper will also propose and rationalize practical staffing policy that will be used to ensure appropriate staffing methods for grading the top-level managers. Introduction It is never an easy move for foreign alcohol manufacturing company to make successful entrance into Brazilian economy. In order to make successful venture in the Brazilian economy by alcohol manufacturing company requires critical and thoughtful scrutiny and steps. This is because most Brazilian civilians start consuming alcohol at very tender ages. Another reason insightful scrutiny before venturing into Brazilian alcohol industry is due to the fact Brazilian legislation to prohibit sales of alcohol to young members of the society. In addition, Brazilian legislation forbids sales of alcohol to already drunk members of the society. From the above three observation on the Brazilian legislation with regard to alcohol, it is clearly evident that great challenges couple with decision making on the appropriate plans to be adopted by Brown Forman Corporation in introducing Jack Daniel’s Whiskey in Brazil. Brown Forman Corporation should employ export technique in introducing Jack Daniel’s alcohol brand into the Brazilian market. In its first attempt to sell the alcohol brand into the Brazilian market, Brown Forman Corporation should adopt the indirect exporting strategies that involve dealing with independent intermediaries. Adopting indirect export method will relieve Brown Forman Corporation the cost that could be incurred constructing or establishing export base in Brazil. The method of indirect export will be a contemporary strategy employed familiarizes Jack Daniel’s Whiskey of the Brown Forman Corporation with th e alcohol consumers in the Brazilian economy (Caragin & Balu, 2008). Export method of entering into a market will enable Brown Forman Corporation to perform market test on Jack Daniel’s Whisky before resorting to establishing stable market. Furthermore, employing export method by Brown Forman Corporation in selling Jack Daniel’s Whiskey in Brazil, will enable the company enjoy economies of scale due to the use of existing facilities in the Brazilian economy. Export system of entering Brazilian alcohol market will facilitate the speed at which Brown Forman Corporation get public recognition of the of its Jack Daniel’s Whisky brand. Bearing in mind the stringent alcoholic laws operated in Brazilian economy, export technique of entering Brazilian economy will ensure direct sale of the Jack Daniel’s Whiskey to the respective consumers without breaching the laws by selling to the underage consumers of alcohol. This method of sales will raise the trust of gover nment on the loyalty of Brown Forman Corporation thereby allowing easy entrance of the company into the Brazilian market. Furthermore, entering into the Brazilian market by export method will enable Brown Forman Corporation an opportunity to exercise total control of prices and profits by vexing participation of intermediaries. Adoption of export entrant method into the Brazilian economy by the Brown Forman Corporation will enable the company exercise maximum utilization of the domestic production plant and resources

Information Technology Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Technology Investigation - Essay Example It usually doesn't include its own authoring capabilities; instead, it focuses on managing courses created by a variety of other sources." (An E-Learning Glossary, 2008) E-learning has evolved along with the spread of the Internet, and today e-learning is one of the new innovations that are helping educators and administrators reach out to students across boundaries and time zones. E-learning has also ushered a new breed of entrepreneurs who are leveraging web based learning management systems to offer innovative, low cost and customized learning tools to students across the world. I was a part of an educational start up that offered a range of preparation tools for select international tests. I was a part of a small sub-team that analyzed the web based LMS landscaped and identified the most suitable LMS for the firm. Through this software investigation, I aim to identify the present trends in web-based LMS and e-learning. I also aim to identify the future evolution of e-learning. A web based learning management system offers a holistic and all encompassing training and assessment set up that allows tutors and administrators to design, create, manage, deliver, adaptive, interactive and innovative online learning tools. A web based learning management system creates a low cost yet highly effective learning and assessment environment that c... In addition to this, a web based learning management system also offers both the user and the tutor the flexibility to create or access content at their discretion. Most e-learning software applications come with a administrator/admin module that lets the tutor easily create and upload content with a authoring tool and a web browser. A typical web based LMS system also has features that allow the tutor as well as the learner assess and monitor the learning, thereby making the learning process highly interactive and customized. LMSs have evolved to be modular and they can often be integrated with other software applications like student information systems, online libraries and web analytics. This modularity and the ability to be integrated with other applications allows the administrator/decision maker utilize the data captured to design highly focused learning and assessment tools. Despite the fact that e-learning and LMS is a relatively old phenomena, it is yet to mature and stabilize. The LMS landscape does not have a clear leader, and is still rapidly evolving. The future potential of LMSs is highly promising, and the LMS of future should be an open ended learning platform. While the present LMSs use in-house generated content and is primarily a tool to manage and track content usage, the LMS of future should be a flexible, adaptive environment that will be integrated with the greatest content depository- the internet. The truly futuristic LMS should be able to intelligently source content from the web and complement that content with content generated in-house and offer much better learning tools. Business

Club IT's Information Management Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Club IT's Information Management Needs - Essay Example To make it clear and execute effectively I visited the website of Club IT to get more information. It helped me to comprehend the basic structure of the informational technology resources available to them and to implement strategies that can attract more clients. With this in mind, I recollected the five strategies that companies use to achieve competitive advantage in their industries. They are, Cost Leadership strategy-produce products and services at the lower cost in the industry Differentiation strategy-It offers different products, services or products features Innovation strategy- introduce new products and services, put new features in existing products and service and develop new ways to produce them Operational effectiveness strategy: improved the manner in which internal business process is executed so that a firm performs similar activities. Customer-orientation strategy: It is to follow the basic principle of focusing on customers and be at the best.( Rainer & Turban, p . 52) After reviewing the place and its needs I have decided that the best strategy for competitive advantage for Club IT is to use the Customer-Orientation Strategy. The Club IT’s Mission is "We, Ruben and Lisa, offer you live music, DJ's, dance space and refreshments that suit your lifestyle. You are our friends, and we seek to build a community that meets regularly at Club IT" (â€Å"About Club It†, n.d.).This reflects that the club wants to provide friendly environment. The entertainment that they get from the live music and the dance space allows them to be a part of Club IT for a longer period of time. The primary clientele that I have come across is young aged to mid age like 20’s and 30’s.They are jubilant at the fun-filled place and mostly are music lovers with high spirits. It helped me to focus on this section and to enhance the IT resources that are available. The Club IT’s information include intranet resources and it can be well utili zed to the advantage of the clients. It can be managed by a Club In charge or a Manager who is well versed with the computer usage. I suggested that the software can be upgraded to upload the photos of the clients, e-mail address and so forth. It would be a good practice to enter the clients’ name and basic information at the entrance so that we can have track on the number of people visit daily and to give special preference to regular customers. This helps the management to avoid any discrepancy caused by under-aged drinkers. The best part would be to have track of the regular customer record and show them the gratitude and allow them to enter the place without any normal proceedings. They can have suggestions box in the website to get feedback once they visit the place. They can use around 2 to 4 computers as the place is small. The files have to be updated in an accurate manner. This type of software is a lifesaver for clubs, there is not much maintenance needed. The Cust omer-Orientation Strategy would be the right one to follow as its inclination is towards making the customer happy. The foremost step is to make the existing clients happy and to do so we can use the information that they provided and give them the details of the coverage of events through e-newsletters. The database that the club follows must have the information of the clients like the email

Marketing Financial Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Financial Services - Assignment Example Al, 1995). Marketing of the financial service is quite a recent phenomenon even in developed nations of the world. The financial services industry plays a vital role in safeguarding the prospects of economic development around the globe (Ennew & Waite, 2006). The banking sector is increasingly faced with issue of service quality. Since it is quite difficult to differentiate between money and the financial services, banks are therefore continually working to enhance the service quality so that the competitive edge can be maintained. However, the most critical factor associated with improvement of service quality is determination of the service quality characteristics that are considered as important by consumers. It also becomes important to consider the elements of the service quality that are important for different group of consumers (Stafford, 1996). It has been found that the service has increased worldwide significantly in general terms. However, the financial services have expe rienced a less encouraging future. The reason behind this has been the market saturation that has led to search for the growth opportunities. To enhance the growth opportunities two approaches seem to be viable. ... The most important thing to be considered is that M&S lends the consumers’ savings to other M&S customers in the UK. The money is lent in the form of personal loans or through M&S Credit Card (Marks and Spencer, n.d.). It was in the year 2004, when M&S Money became part of the HSBC Group; however it continued to operate under M&S Money brand. The company has around 1500 employees. It is headquartered at Chester where the group actively supports its local community. It endeavors to focus its effort both voluntarily and financially on schools and charities. The company has wide range of products catering to wider group of people all around the globe. The insurance products of the company have won many awards. Other products include loans and saving products. Its mission is to cater to the needs of various groups of people by providing them financial solutions that are both simple and underpinned by the core values of Marks and Spencer which are quality, value, innovation, servic e and trust. The company’s most attractive product has been the credit card which allows the customers to shop for 15 months with no interest to pay. Travel money is another product of M&S where 0% commission is levied on foreign currency and on foreign travelers’ cheque. Loans such as personal loans and car buying loans are also few of the other products of the company. SWOT Analysis The company is the best loan provider in the UK and provides several other products. It is the top choice of most of the customers in the country (Docstoc, 2010). M&S Money has received various awards. Recently in the year 2011, the company received award for the best travel insurance providers and the best pet insurance provider. It also received Defaqto 5 Star Rating in

The Ethical Code Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethical Code Letter - Essay Example I believe that that the core moral values epitomize what is in line with our set goals. However, one may decide to set his or her code of conduct, it should be that which is in line with the Tesco new code of conduct. Dear employees, it is with my due indulgence that I address another critical factor that is the value of diversity in Tesco Company. Having employees from different diverse backgrounds will be able to realize the importance of globalization. The customers and workers will represent the different mix in our company therefore we can compete internationally. Moreover diversity also includes the age factor. Having employees of different age gaps will propel the company through realizing its goals because when an employee retires there will be others left. Furthermore, there will be increased pro ductility in the company because of diverse talents operating together. Moreover, there will be increased innovation and invention. It will be possible when different thoughts are put together towards a common goal. Lastly, with diversity, market sharing, and customer’s satisfaction will be a notch higher. My dear employees, code of ethics offers an opportunity for an accountable business organization. Therefore, it should be upon us to uphold the ethical code of conduct. Furthermore, all the benefits will be of great benefit to all of

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Vs. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) Essay

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Vs. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) - Essay Example The model derived rate of return will then be used to price the asset correctly - the asset price should equal the expected end of period price discounted at the rate implied by model. If the price diverges, arbitrage should bring it back into line. The theory was initiated by the economist Stephen Ross in 1976.(Ross,1976) If APT holds, then a risky asset can be described as satisfying the following relation: Some commonly accepted factors are Business Cycle, Time Horizon, Confidence, Inflation, Market Timing, oil prices, term structure of interest rates, industrial production, default premiums etc. It has been shown that the empirical specification of the APT need not be unique.( Otuteye,1991) In other words, no one set of economic factors constitutes "the factors" of the APT. Any set of factors that fulfills the requirements of the returns generating process and the resulting linear relationship between expected returns and factor sensitivities will be an equally valid set of APT factors. However, there is a gradual consensus towards the use of some common factors. (Brown, Weinstein, 1983) The CAPM does not appear to adequately explain the variation in stock returns. Empirical studies show that low beta stocks may offer higher returns than the model would predict. Some data to this effect was presented as early as a 1969 conference in Buffalo, New York in a paper by Fischer Black, Michael Jensen, and Myron Scholes(Black et.al,1972). Either that fact is itself rational (which saves the efficient markets hypothesis(EMH) but makes CAPM wrong), or it is irrational (which saves CAPM, but makes EMH wrong - indeed, this possibility makes volatility arbitrage a strategy for reliably beating the market). The CAPM assumes that investors demand higher returns in exchange for higher risk. It does not allow for investors who will accept lower returns for higher risk. The model also assumes that all investors agree about the risk and expected return of all assets(Homogeneous expectations assumption). The model assumes unrealistically that asset returns are lognormally distributed, random variables. As a result, large swings (3 to 6 standard deviations from the mean) occur in the market more frequently than the normal distribution assumption would expect. These swings can greatly impact an asset's

Romeo and Juliet - Zeffirelli and Luhrmann Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Zeffirelli and Luhrmann Essay The two main film interpretations of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet are Zeffirellis, made in 1968, and Luhrmanns, made in 1997. Although they use the same original script written by Shakespeare, these two films are very different. Zeffirellis is set in the 16th century, at the time when the screenplay would have first been written whereas Luhrmann has set his film in modern time but still using the Shakespearian language. The most popular and well-known scene of Romeo and Juliet is the balcony scene where Romeo and Juliet first declare their love for each other. Luhrmanns version of the balcony scene is started with a shrill crash as Romeo enters the Capulets house and knocks a post to the ground. This gains the audiences attention immediately for the scene. Romeos movements are clumsy and speech is fast-paced and raspy. Romeo escapes outside and awkwardly attempts to climb a vine below Juliets window. The camera pans out frequently to show the view of their entire Capulet estate, this shows the importance of where they are as its a forbidden area for Romeo to be. Romeos inept actions put a brief comical twist into this classic tragedy. From Juliets window, a small figurine of the Virgin Mary can be seen for a short time through the curtains. This has a strong symbolic meaning, showing the contrast between Romeo and Juliets sexual intentions and a sense of purity and religion. It could also be a symbol of warning meant for Romeo and Juliet. When Juliet is first seen in the Lurhmann version, she is the complete opposite of Romeo. Juliet is wearing a flowing white dress, signifying her innocence and inexperience; she delicately exits an elevator and begins to speak her lines with full use of facial expressions, acting confused and stressing the unimportance of names. Romeo jumps out abruptly and the serenity of Juliet looking over her swimming pool is broken by her shocked high-pitched scream. The two fall together into the pool with the same startling affect used at the opening of the balcony scene, grabbing the attention of the audience. The sudden movements are quickly slowed as Romeo and Juliet start to talk. Their words are hurried and there is an obvious need for secrecy which is stressed by the security cameras and guards surrounding the area. Their kisses are romantic and loving but not lacking  passion. Juliet is suddenly struck with fear of being caught with Romeo and with another sudden movement, she leaves the pool. The scene ends romantically and with both Romeo and Juliet feeling happy. Throughout the film, Romeo and Juliet are both on the same level, showing that their characters are equal at this time. The romantic feel is constantly interrupted by sudden movements or noises to keep the audiences concentration, making the film interesting to watch. Zeffirelli starts the balcony scene with Romeo gazing longingly at Juliet who is on her balcony dreamily staring across her garden. Romeos lines are whispered, romantic and spoken very slowly and softly. The scene is shot through the leaves to show the mystery and danger of Romeos being there. The bright light silhouettes Juliets figure like an angel. Juliets dress is low cut and quite revealing making her seem mature and seductive, which is very different to Luhrmanns interpretation of Juliet as his is very innocent. When Juliet first sees Romeo, her actions become quick, rushed and sudden. Juliet spends the entire When Romeo and Juliet share a kiss it is sexually motivated and very passionate. Romeos movements become excited and quick as he swings from trees. The relationship between Romeo and Juliet is very passionate and lustful as opposed to how the relationship was portrayed in Lurhmann. When Juliet decides its time for Romeo to leave, the pace of the film slows once again. The voices become romantic instead of sexual. As Romeo and Juliet part, the camera pans out to show their hands drifting further apart from each other in a slow lethargic movement showing the separation and isolation of Romeo and Juliets character. Zeffirellis film was very serious, stressing on infatuation where as Lurhmanns film was light-hearted and showed real love between Romeo and Juliet.

Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Itc Limited Commerce Essay

Yogesh Chander Deveshwar Itc Limited Commerce Essay Yogesh Chander Deveshwar  is the Chairman of  ITC Limited, one of the Indias largest multi-business corporations. Yogesh Chander Deveshwar was born  on 4th February 1947 in  Lahore. He completed his Bachelor Degree in  Mechanical Engineering from IIT, Delhi and Harvard business school  in 1968. He is also known as Yogi as his friends use to call him by this name. In 1968 yogi was chosen by Ajit Narain Haksar and he was the First Indian Chairman for the Company. He is working with ITC from the last 41 years and has worked in virtually every arm of ITC. He was appointed as the Board of director of the Company in 1984, between 1991 and in the year 1994 he took the charge of the Chairman and Managing Director of the Air India. On Jan 1st, 1996 he became the Chief Executive and Chairman of ITC Company. He is also the Chairman of ITCs wholly owned subsidiary, ITC InfoTech India Limited, and its subsidiaries in the UK and USA. Under leadership of Y C Deveshwar, the company has c onsolidated and strengthened its diversified businesses and hotels. Deveshwar is the man who guided ITCs successful into new growth areas including agriculture business, retail and distribution and branded FMCG goods.   On sep.3 2012 by The Central Government of India has nominated him as the director in Reserve Bank of India for four years. He worked for the confederation of Indian Industry. He was also worked for so many educational institutes like Board of Governors at the Indian School of business and even he was the former chairman of society and the Board of Governors at the Indian Institute of Management Kolkata. He also worked for the National Executive Committee of Indias Premier trade. In 2006 he was awarded by Lakshya Business Visionary award this award was given to him by the students of National Institute of Industrial Engineering Mumbai. Lakshya Business Visionary award was given him by Mr. Jayant Patil and they salutes to Y C Deveshwar to guide the nation to success through the diligence and as they were committed. Deveshwar is ranked third on the list of the Indias best CEOs between 1995 and 2011. In the Year 2001, by Ernst Young, Y C Deveshwar was awarded with the Manager Entrepreneur Award. He was also inducted to the prestigious Hall of Pride at the Indian Science Congress in January 2006 and in the year 2006 he was awarded as the Business Person of the Year Award by the UK Trade Investment. In the year 2007 he was awarded by the Sustainability Leadership Award. Mr. Deveshwar had also been honoured with the Global Leadership Award by the US Chamber of Commerce. In 2011 Government of India Awarded him by Padma Bhushan award one of the highest civilian award for contributed his service of a high order to the nation. Strategic leadership refers to a managerial potential which express a strategic vision for the growth of organization and to motivate the employees to acquire the vision. Strategic leader creates organizational structure that is focused towards the business which allocates resources that understand business goals and objectives to express strategic vision which is a set of the organizational vision. Strategic Leadership ia a leadership which provides the vision and direction for the growth and success of any organization. As change has become repeatability in organizations, all employees need the skills and tools for strategy implementation. Being a strategic leader, he requires the capability to understand business priorities and their long term and short term goals. Leadership better equipped to not only thinks more incisively about future competitive advantage, but your organization will have greater strategic focus at every level, beginning with the top management team.-Gerald L. Kiser, president CEO The  process  of  using  well considered  tactics  to communicate a vision for an  organization  or one of its  parts. Strategic leadership typically  manages, motivates and persuades  staff  to  share  that same vision, and can be an important  tool  for implementing  change  or creating  organizational structure  within a  business. The true meaning of strategic leadership is nothing more than the ability to anticipate, prepare, and get positioned for the future. It is the ability to mobilize and focus resources and energy on things that make a difference and will position you for success in the future. Effective strategic leadership focuses on the long term rather than solely on the short term. (The Center for Management and Organizational Effectiveness) Strategic leadership is defined as practicing existing abilities and skills and influencing others to train in new formats for new leadership models. Specifically, to obtain successful educational management within the organization.(Barron, 1995) Bernard M Bass developed a system and in this system or model he divided leadership in four different types based on the main two objectives which are task oriented and people oriented. There are some main styles of leadership which is explained below: A directive leader will always tell his colleagues and explain that what to do, how to do and when to do but he should have a good control on them then only he can make his followers to work under him. A consultative leader will always take the decision with the help of his colleagues and he will always conduct a meeting before take any decision. A participative leader The participative leader puts himself as a member of the team and discusses possible decisions with the team. He seeks consensus before coming to a decision and everyone is supposed to take ownership in the final decision. The negotiative leader employs a more political approach to leadership. He has a personal interest in his decisions and he uses incentives to entice his followers to do certain things. Situational leadership refers to when the leader or manager of an organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to influence Y C Deveshwar, being one of the prominent and effective hospitality leaders in the hospitality industry. He posses two different styles of leadership which he executes in his career to bring up the ITC group in different sectors with new ideas. Y C Deveshwar, being one of the effective leader , he practices participative leadership style in which he considers the ideas and views of his colleagues and then only he use to takes the decision. In this style of leadership all the BODs will seat together and then only they will take the decision for the company future. All the BODs has to share their views and ideas and on the base of that only they will take the correct decision. Y C Deveshwar always seat with these people and he will also discuss his views and ideas which enthusiastically increases the morale of the employees working under him. Before make any decision he will always ask his subordinates and then only he will come to the decision. He always use to ask his company members to take participate in the meetings and share their ideas or views which they can apply in the company. Even though, the sharing of such ideas and views always helps the company to come up with many innovative ideas and this practices always be nefit the company in a very beneficial way. He preferably want his all Board of Directors should be present in all company meetings, so that they all can sit together and figure out the possible decisions which will benefit the company with maximum profits with minimal loss and also helps to achieve the company objectives. Y C Deveshwar also executes another leadership style which is being a Delegative Leader in which he concentrates only on decision making, and allows his subordinates to take their own course of action. He always gathers his team to discuss possible decisions that could be adopted and help the company to expand and even give high profits. In todays world, ITC has more than 15 products in the market and it is very difficult to handle all the different sectors of the ITC products. Being having Delegative leadership qualities, Y C Deveshwar has divided the different sectors to different managers who will take the decision on monthly basis and they have to inform the steps which they are going to take for company benefits. Y C Deveshwar is a strategic leader. He has some leadership qualities which made him a strategic leader. Strategic leadership is all about the leading, guiding and innovate the new ideas. Strategic leadership is all about leading, influencing and guiding the organising team members to think strategically about their own duties and responsibilities which require the potential to comprehend the work place and environment. It requires potentiality to look at the wider picture which has a vast perspective and they dont need skills in their narrow specialty but they have a good working knowledge and experience about the things that are organizational importance. Adapting strategy to a changing business requirement is must if the organisation wants to remain valuable to the business. The process which assess the leadership talent to lead the change which enables the business to meet its objectives which changes the adaptability of the organisation. Strategic leaders must have zeal to work accordingly which goes beyond money and power and also the investment in their people to motivate them, to achieve the goals of the organisation with determination. Strategic leaders are able to plan and execute a range of possibilities of several stages ahead for the development of the organisation. For a Hospitality Leader, there must be a equalised focus to understand the function which provides the value towards the organization. At the time he joined the ITC Company, it was facing a very bad time. He came and started expanding the business and they entered into the hospitality industry till that company was only in the Tobacco business but at the time Y C Deveshwar entered into company it became the multi-business company. He takes the company to the so many new other business which increased the sale of the company and company has shown a good growth in all the areas ex: Agriculture business, retail business and distribution of branded FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods). As we said he has good creative mind so he used that in the company applied his strategic ideas and because of that today ITC is most valuable Business in India. In 1991there were two major turning points: the company appointed him as the chairman of ITCs Indian Tobacco Division and Indian Leaf Tobacco Development Division; the government handpicked him to be the Chairman and Managing Director of Air India. Y C Deveshwar was not successful in turning around the declining fortunes of the national carrier; he tried to push forward the idea of merging Indian Airlines and Air-India and then privatizing them as a joint entity. Partly the problem lay in the way the groups top management was structured. At the time Y C Deveshwar joined the ITC group, the main income source was only Tobacco Company and the Board of Directors was directly responsible to take decisions. Y C Deveshwar reduces the number from executive team and board became the management arm of company and all the decision started taking by the responsible executives of the different market products. A leader always creates big demands on people. A good leader is always responsible for the vision and goals of an organisation. Unless and until the leader is strong enough the organisation will not survive. So it is very important for the leader to get self-motivated in all the situations. He should be enthusiastic and should feel responsible in the work he does. T hey should always be aware of serving his organisation and also the employees. When Y C Deveshwar joined the ITC group that time ITC is mainly known only for the tobacco products but he joined and he start investing in other business because of him today ITC has more than 15 products and he is only that person who started ITC hotels. I conclude with a brief review of a leader and his qualities and his characteristics. This essay explains that for a smooth and safe running of business a strategic leader is the most important, effective and responsible person where he has to lead his team towards to achieve the organisational goal. A leader has to always build good relation with his all employees and company members; a leader has to satisfy their basic needs that they can work more effectively in the business. This literature also sought out the styles of a leader. It is also important that the organisation should follow the hierarchy in an organisation. Always the top level management should implement their strategies on middle level management and the middle level management should make sure that the strategies given by the top level management are being targeted by low level management. This essay also explains about Mr. Y C Deveshwar history, education, achievements, awards and the different ideas or his views which he contributed within the working in hospitality industry, his different styles, his successful moments, his hard work and his challenges and how did he solve out the challenges successfully. The way which he used to face the different challenges where there was staff turn was very qualitative. Y C Deveshwar always uses to motivate his employees that they can help organisation to achieve the goals. In The end I concluded that Mr. Y C Deveshwar is a successful leader for ITC organisation and he was awarded by the best entrepreneur in the hospitality sector. He is also planning to expand ITC Company in coming years and they are already ready to launch their hotel in Sri Lanka and Nepal. References Management Study Guide: Strategic Leadership Definition and Qualities of a Strategic Leader Strategic Actions: Strategic Leadership. http://www.itcportal.com/about-itc/itc-leadership/board-of-directors.aspx www.wikipedia.com http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-leadership.htm http://article.wn.com/view/2012/09/05/Y_C_Deveshwar_nominated_as_director_on_RBIs_Central_Board http://www.eauc.org.uk/image_uploads/logo_large.jpg Module Strategic Leadership in Hospitality Tourism management Assignment Topic Crisis Leadership B3150 Submitted By 12009871 Module Co-ordinator: Mrs. Gayathri Desai Mrs. Jayapradha K. Word count-2151 The word crisis has originates from the Greek word Krisis which means judgment, choices or decisions. It appears that three elements must be present: a triggering event causing significant change or having the potential to cause significant change; the perceived inability to cope with this change; and a threat to the existence of organizations (Keown-McMullan, 1997) as well as of tourists and members of the tourism industry (Henderson, 2006). Every crisis is unique displaying a remarkable range and variety (Henderson, 2006), yet characteristics generally cited include unexpectedness, urgency and danger (Hermann, 1972). Tourism crises usually share these attributes although certain crisis situations can be predicted and lack  immediacy. Crisis Management is the management and coordination of your institutions responses to an incident that threatens to harm, or has harmed, your institutions people, structures, ability to operate, valuables and/or reputation. It takes into account you r planning and automatic incident response, but must also dynamically deal with situations as they unfold, often in unpredictable ways. Crisis is not a pathological state; it may occur to anyone at any stage in his or her life span. (Golan, 1978). A crisis is any situation that has the potential to affect long term confidence in an organisation or a product, or which may interfere with its ability to continue operating normally.(Pauchant and Mitroff). Crisis can be defined and situation which can affects the whole organisation and as well as the employees of organisation. Crisis can also be described as an unexpected event leading to major unrest amongst the individuals at the work place. Crisis is a sequence of un expected events which can be harmful for an organisation. Crisis can affect the whole organisation as well as individuals. Organization crisis is a low-probability, high-impact event that threatens the viability of the organization and is characterized by cause, effect as well as by a belief that decisions must be made swiftly. (Pearson and Clair, 1998). Crisis Management is the art of dealing with the unexpected events which can affects the employees, whole business as well as client refers to crisis management. Crisis management  is the process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public. Crisis management can be defined as a process of handling unexpected changes in the organization culture. There is a vital need of knowing the importance of CMP in the organisation which will directly help the employees to understand as well as to cooperate with the organisation at the time of crisis or after the crisis. Having an effective CMP, it helps the manager to make the strategies to come out of certain conditions and helps to decide for the future execution of plans. Crisis management also includes the processes which helps the managers and even thou staff also to understand the unexpected events. Crisis management will helps the staff to take the eff ective action. Types of crises Natural crises Natural crisis is a disaster which occurs without any prior information to any place in the whole world. Natural crisis is further been explained in many manners like earthquakes, landslides, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, floods. Many of the people in the world consider natural crisis as Act Of God. For Example: Earthquake in Indian Ocean with a magnitude of 9.2 at Richter scale on 26 December 2004 which resulted in Tsunami. Technological crises Technological crises are caused by human application of science and technology. Technological accidents inevitably occur when technology becomes complex and coupled and something goes wrong in the system as a whole. Technology failure is something related with power blackouts, computer irregularities, aircraft crashes and even sometimes the nuclear meltdown. Some technological crises occur when human error causes disruptions. When an accident creates significant environmental damage, the crisis is categorized as  mega damage.  Samples include software failures, industrial accidents, and oil spills. For example: Northern Grid Power blackout in almost 22 states of India out of 29 which vitally affected the daily practices of the people living. This technological crisis effected in many places as for travelling, banking services as well as hotel industry too in context with reservations and other inter departmental operations. Terrorist attacks/man-made disasters Terrorist attack is manmade disaster which means it has threats of human body. It involves negligence, an element of human intent and failure of human system and its results can huge loss of life, wealth and buildings and even it also affects the mentality of a person. Recession in 2008-09:- The 2008-2009 recession hit every industry around the world very hard. One of the most affected industries, however, was the hospitality and restaurant industry. Before the recession, oil prices were at all-time high, and hotels and travel companies had already started to see a significant decrease in travel and tourism. The industry which got affected mainly because of recession is of accommodation, traveling and hotel industry. As we do know that the income of many families goes down badly during recession. Some families even lost all sources of income too, which created panic and turmoil in their life. This is why people are saving on traveling and staying back in their home only. This is affecting the hotel industry badly. Not only the family visitors, but hotel industries are also losing their business travelers too. These days companies prefer video conferencing for meeting rather than going overseas for meeting. All these situations caused panic in the h otel industry and they took some instant measures like slashing the rates, increasing marketing costs, and promoting their websites. Some of the hotels are lucky enough to get the support from the government too, but those hotels were very few and they not only survived the recession but came over it very soon. Overall hotel industry is suffering from the recession and I hope very soon they can heal over it. Terrorist Attack:- It is a manmade disaster which results can be a heavy loss of life and which can affects the life of staff as well as guest also. The terrorist attack happened on the Taj Hotel Mumbai on 9/11. They want to create same environment like Marriott attack which happened in Karachi. The person who was there behind Mumbai attack they planned to create an unsecured environment and them wants to reduce the economic strength. Security  would obviously be the most important element of this disaster management plan and guests at five-star hotels should expect to be checked along with their baggages. The way luggage is scanned through x-ray machines in airports, it should be also done in hotels. The screening should start at the very entrance where minimum damage can be done. All the hotels need to have a proper security system and even they should have a good security team that they can immediately take the decision and the team should be always ready to handle this type of situation because at the time of this type of situation if they will call the security team from outside it will take long time till that time they can damage lots of things. All the hotels should make sure that the security especially at entry gate needs to be more strong so that this thing wont be happen again in future. Security systems should be updated by the latest machines and technology. Tsunami and Earthquake: These are the natural disasters which appear without any prior information the last crisis which affects the whole South India was Tsunami in Indian Ocean in year 2004 and because of this crisis there was a lot of wealth, life loss and even buildings were also damaged. This Tsunami has affected all the hotels and all the coastal areas in South India. Indian south-east coastal region looked very normal on December 26, 2004 but as the day started unfolding, tremors were felt in Tamil Nadus capital Chennai and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Then the tsunamis came which engulfed the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the coastline of Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal. Though Orissa and West Bengal recorded minimal or no loss to property and human life, the other regions reported substantial devastation. The hospitality industry in two partly affected Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, suffered due to rumors, fu elled by the panic about incoming tidal waves. But now the Indian Govt. is already set to fight with the Tsunami and The Indian Govt. has pledged $30 million to develop a tsunami early warning system to prevent such a large loss of life. There are some steps which an organisation can take to avoid the much loss at the time of when crisis occurs these are also known as pre- crisis pan or post crisis plan. Here I am going to explain some plans which we can take and it is basis on all the three crisis which I have written above which is recession, manmade and natural disaster. As a leader considering recession which is an economy disaster because of that so many people lost their jobs and even the some organisation also has been shut down as a hospitality leader the steps which I will take is that an organisation should have the enough money power that at the time of recession they can pay the salary to staff and even in this situation also they can run their business easily. Being one of the hospitality leader I will make sure that organisation should not get affected and even the staff also should not leave their jobs. Earthquake is a natural disaster and its results can be loss of life and even it can affect the whole business also it can damage the whole building also. So as a leader the pre steps which I will take is that we have to train our staff that when the situation will come they can make a proper plan and help others also and even the staff which is working in organisation they should have proper communication with each other. Terrorist attack is a manmade disaster which can damage the whole organisation and even a heavy loss of life also so for that we have to take some steps in advance that we can save the life of human and not even staff we have to save the guest also as a attack happened on the Taj, Mumbai on 26th Nov. 2008 where so many lost their life. So for this issue first of all we should have a proper security system and through that only all the staffs have to go not only the guest even the staff also. All the hotels should have CCTV cameras on all the floors that they can see the activities which are happening there and even at the time of check in they should have taken the copy of their identity proof. Post crisis plan for all the crisis which is mentioned above is that the organisation should have the proper plans and all the businesses should have enough money power also that they can easily come out from the situation and again they can again come back to the track and run the business smoothly because if they wont able to recover from all these situation then might be they have to close the business also. As a leader the main important thing is that we have to take the steps through which business can easily come out from the crisis and we have to take and even they have to make a proper crisis management plan also. (Major Suresh Goel, 2002) Crisis is a disaster which occurs without any prior information and its results can be a damage of building, life or lives also. It can effect a whole organisation or departments of organisation. Crisis can be natural which includes (earthquake, Cyclones and landslides) and man-made which includes (Terrorist Attack, strikes, sabotages). Crisis leadership is a style which can help an organisation to save the whole organisation or can help to save the lives in organisation for that they have to make a crisis management plan in the organisation. This essay has given a brief introduction about the crisis, types of crisis, how a crisis can occurs and how to make a plan to save the lives in organisation. In this essay some points has given which can help an organisation to make some pre crisis plan or some post crisis plan. In pre-crisis plans we have to make some plans which we can apply in the future or whenever the crisis will going to affect the business it will be more beneficial for organisation at the time of crisis. So, in the last, I like to conclude that every organisation should create the crisis management plans which can help them in the future and it will help them to save the lives of person working in business or organisation.

Planning a Wedding on a Budget

Planning a Wedding on a Budget A wedding is first planned when the two partners sit down together and discuss how they would want the wedding to be for them. From this, they will be able to state the amount of money they would want to spend on the whole occasion and ends up been a success. From the stated amount of money, they would be able to limit their expenses according to your priorities with respect to the following sectors: the size of the wedding, location of the wedding, time of the year, photos and video to be captured during the event, music to be played during the whole occasion. We shall cover the sectors above step by step analyzing them. Size of the wedding The size of the wedding is determined by the number of guests who have the greatest effect on the total cost because this means more food and drinks, a bigger church or a hall for a reception, a bigger wedding cake and more invitations. The first consideration to make when thinking about the number of guests is who is more important and who should not miss the wedding. Because in most places charges are done per head and an addition of an extra 50 or 100 persons will be significant. When it comes to invitations and decorations, you can save a substantial amount of money if you do it yourself and to be able to achieve this, you need to be able to design using a computer in which saving money comes in by coming up with ones own invitations. The same can be done with decorations for the church or the reception hall. With raw decoration resources, you can achieve a lot and as well put in your taste and creativity. Flowers add part of the decorations. Do you want fresh natural flowers which smell and are beautiful to top it up? By using the fresh flowers as the centre pieces of the tables and do a blend with the artificial ones. This will save a great percentage of your money to be spent. Foods and drinks And now the part that invites wedding crashers to a wedding in addition to single ladies is food and drinks, which without hesitation will be among the leading expenses depending on the type that you select for your wedding. The questions to ask yourself here are if you would want a buffet presentation or a formal sitting down meal of which the latter will be a little more expensive considering you will need more staff to serve the meals unlike the former. Maybe another thing you would want to consider is what will be offered before and after the meals if really necessary. For this you have to be ready to spend an additional amount per head. Another point to remember is that alcohol has never been cheap and so if you are intending to have a mini-bar, thats another cost to encounter because of the obvious reason, the waiters or the bar tenders. Go for the option of the cheaper house not forgetting the time the bar service will take to be on operation. You can save some money if the bar is closed for a while during the meal service. Music and photography The other important part of the wedding is the music and photography session. Depending on what you want, either live band/ entertainment, music playing during the occasion, or hiring a DJ, remember to weigh the options. Discuss the package options with the photographers as early as when you start planning for the wedding to be able to chose quality and save on money. All in all remember this is a one time event in your life so do your planning considering the benefits it will give you and your partner for the future. HOW TO PLAN A WEDDING ON BUDGET GENERAL PURPOSE: To help on planning a wedding SPECIFIC PURPOSE: how to plan for a wedding on a budget and live to remember it positively CENTRAL IDEA: overspending in weddings that people could save on to buy their first house INTRODUCTION The major areas to consider while planning a wedding on a budget are: size of the wedding, location of the wedding, time of the year, foods and drinks, Photography and videos. BODY To reduce the size of the wedding, only invite the most important persons to attend it as this will reduce the size of the cake to be baked, the size of the church and the reception hall and in the end cutting down on the cost. More so, you will have a small number of invitation cards to make which you have to do it yourself especially if you can design using a computer. On foods and drinks, chose the type of presentation you would like to have and remember to put into consideration the time the bar will be operational which will cut down on the costs to the bar tenders and the waiters. Always go for the quality cheaper options which may come as a package. The same goes for the photography and videos,. Although with these it would be advisable to start planning for it as soon as you start planning for the wedding as you will get a good enough time to go through their productions and there you will give your judgment as to which one is better and your preferences. This form the basis of your memories of your wedding day, therefore be careful. CONCLUSION This wedding is for you and your probable life partner. It can also be considered as the foundation of the marriage and so you need to live and enjoy it with good memories which begin from the thoughts, the planning, the photos and videos and ends with the memories again. From the savings made, you and your partner can it aside as a deposit for your future house or buying an item that will benefit the two of you in the future, give yourselves a treat of a lifetime or even put it as savings for an emergency in the future. You realize that many people do an expensive wedding that ends up been a disaster or they regret about it after it has happened saying if and only if, I would have done this or that which was cheaper at the time but opted otherwise. Cheap does not necessarily come up with bad quality, you will be surprised buying your wedding gown at a cheaper rate from one end of town and get the same design and quality double the price at the other end of the town. Walk around town or the city and compare the various prices and the availability of the different packages that are been offered and weigh them and finally give your preference. You will love it. Remember it is all for you and your partner all the others are third parties.

Significant Images in the Grimms’ Version of Rapunzel” Essay example --

Significant Images in the Grimms’ Version of â€Å"Rapunzel† â€Å"†¦the witch took her to the middle of the forest and shut her up in a tower that had neither stairs nor door, but only a little window at the very top.† (p. 74) A feeling of suspense is instilled just by reading this single line in â€Å"Rapunzel† by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. Elements evoking emotion in a story, such as suspense, increase the degree of entertainment thereby enhancing quality and enjoyment factors. This story is both superficially entertaining and subconsciously intriguing. Exploring the symbolism of images such as the tower, the open window at the top of it and Rapunzel’s long hair will begin to satisfy this curiosity. The image of a tall solid structure is introduced quite early in the story and repeated in two different forms. The first occurs at the beginning of the story in the form of a â€Å"high wall around the garden† (p.73), and the second, of course, as the tower which is home to the 12 year old Rapunzel. It is worth mentioning that the idea of a tower and window at the top are not unique to this story. In fact, they can be traced back to Greek Mythology and the story of Perseus. The excerpt â€Å"†¦he locked Danae in a bronze tower so that she would never marry or have children. The tower had no doors, but it had one very small window. Danae was very sad, but one day a bright shower of gold came through the small window. A man appeared†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (http://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Heroes/Perseus/perseus.html) clearly proves this. Perhaps the Witch, who is characterized as the Godmother, also had the intention of preventing Rapunzel from marrying and having children. A Freudian would say this image is completely phallic whereby the tower symbolizes the (erect)... ...hat follow. On a deeper level, however, Rapunzel successfully completes the transformation of girl to woman by the end of the story. She has become a wife and bears the child that was conceived in the space at the top of the tower, despite the attempt made by the Godmother to prevent this from happening. Therefore, subconsciously, the Grimms seem to be telling a story of the rite of passage, conception and the elements necessary to complete these events of transformation. Works Cited: Perrault, Charles. "Puss in Boots." Folk & Fairy Tales Comp. Martin Hallett and Barbara Karasek. 2nd ed. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview, 1996. 94-97. Monte, Christopher F. Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to the Theories of Personality. Fifth Edition. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 1995. http://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Heroes/Perseus/perseus.html