The Long Term And Short Term Memory - 1926 Words

According to philosopher-psychologist William James, memory is a generalized concept that encompasses the long term and short term memory. Kendra Cherry, psychologist expert, defines long term memory as â€Å"storage of information over an extended period.† (Cherry n.d.) An individual’s long term memory is structured by a semi-permanent chemical and the anatomical hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the center of both hemispheres of the brain and works in accordance with the amygdala to allow information to be imported to form memories. In relation to her research of the long term memory, Cherry also provided information on the characterization of the short memory which is described as, the â€Å"primary or active memory† that presently takes in information. (Cherry n.d.) The thalamus is a large portion of a dual lobed mass of matter that is located under the cerebral cortex. An individual’s brain goes through three stages of the retention of information wh ich are: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Our brain codes information in three methods which is through visual, acoustic, and semantic simulation. Encoding means that certain signals are sent to the brain. Storage means that the brain is maintaining information over time. Information is received through the working memory that consist of auditory memory and spatial memory. (Morrin, n.d) Spatial memory captures the visual aspects of the information being presented to the subject. There are two types of rehearsals: maintenanceShow MoreRelatedShort Term Memory and Long Term Memory Essays554 Words   |  3 PagesShort Term Memory and Long Term Memory Research evidence, theorys and studies supports the views that suggest long term memory and short term memory are separate stores. Short term memory is a system for storing information for brief periods of time. Some researchers (e.g. Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968) see short term memory simply as a temporary storage depot for incoming information, whereas others (e.g. Baddeley 1986, 1990) prefer to use the term working memoryRead MoreShort Memory : Long Term Memory1196 Words   |  5 Pages Long Term Memory Long term memory is located in the inner fold of the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe lies beneath the temples on the head. The temporal lobe controls hearing. There is three types of memory that goes with long term memory. First is procedural memory. Procedural memory is apart of the long term memory and is responsible for knowing how to do things ex- how to ride a bike. Next is semantic memory. Semantic memory is knowledge of meanings, the basics and about the world. ThenRead MoreShort-Term and Long-Term Memory Loss1129 Words   |  5 PagesForgetting in Short-Term and Long-Term Memory: The memory of human beings is similar to that of computers because it allows individuals to store information for later or future use. However, the storage of information in humans involves three major processes i.e. encoding, storage, and retrieval. The encoding process basically involves transforming data into meaningful form like association with an existing image, memory, or sound. This is followed by holding on to the information through a physiologicalRead MoreOverview of Short and Long Term Memory664 Words   |  3 PagesShort and Long Term Memory Psychologists and neurological experts have concluded that in the very instant something is experienced, a memory is formulated within the mind and lasts forever in some part of the brain. Everything that has ever happened, been said by and to, or done to or by that person, or will ever happen to that person is stored somewhere within the human mind as a single piece of memory. Information enters the brain and the organ performs three operations: encoding, storage, andRead MoreThe Interactions between Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory: What is the Messaging Protocol?1500 Words   |  6 PagesInteractions between Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory: What is the Messaging Protocol? 1. Introduction Computers store data in memory, and simulate human memory when they achieve this. It might be easy to predict the mechanism of how computer memory works, but the function of human memory is much more sophisticated. Basically, the role of memory is to retain information, store them and retrieve when it is necessary. According to Bunuel (1984), You have to begin to lose your memory, if only in bitsRead MoreEssay on The Control Processes of Short and Long Term Memory958 Words   |  4 Pagestest one day, and then the next day we are able to retrieve that very information to use to take and pass a test? Because memory is an important cognitive process it helps us to record the past, so we are able to refer back to it at a later date. If humans didn’t have a memory, we would only be able to understand the present and our past wouldn’t exist. The urge to study how memory works and the concept behind, it has been around for many years. Scientist, and more importantly psycholo gist, have devotedRead MoreHow Short and Long Term Memory Work Essay894 Words   |  4 Pages Short and Long Term Memory Your brain collects and forgets thousands, if not millions of memories every day. Every time you see, hear, feel, taste, and smell something, it comes into your mind and becomes a memory. A mental note is literally taken and shipped to your â€Å"short-term memory† file in your brain. Whether or not it gets pushed to â€Å"long-term memory† depends on how often you pull the sense from your brain, because if it is used often, your brain will automatically instruct itself not toRead MoreDifferent Types Of Memory Through Comparing Short Term And Long2315 Words   |  10 Pagesknowledge; the later of these is called memory. According to the authors memory is defined as the brain storage for acquired information and the ability to retrieve these information over time (Klandorf, Sherwood, Yancey, p.195). The purpose of this paper is to drive clarity about the different types of memory through comparing short-term and long-term memory, and to explain the underlining physiol ogical mechanisms of short-term and long-term memory. Also, how memories are retrieved will be discussed.Read MoreMemory And Long Term Memory1315 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of memory you have? There are many parts of memory, but two specific parts are Short Term Memory (STM), and Long Term Memory (LTM).Understanding and learning about STM and LTM will help you improve your memory. What they are and how they work are the most important thing to know about them. You will find out is how long short term memory lasts and how long, long term memory last. You will also find out are ways to remember things in Short Term Memory so they go into Long Term Memory, examplesRead MoreShort-Term Memory: The Second Stage in Memory Processing 1436 Words   |  6 PagesShort-Term Memory Diana Nunez Nicholas Salter, Ph.D. Introduction to Psychology Psychology 101, Section 8 October 26, 2010 Short-Term Memory The short-term memory is the lead to our long lasting remembers. Short-term memory is the second stage in the memory processing (Huffman). The short-term memory is the part of the memory that temporarily stores and processes information from the sensory memory and holds it until it decides if the information will be sent to the third stage or long-term

Anxiety- Making it Live around You, Not the Other Way Around

Have you ever had a stalker follow you 24/7, and want you dead†¦ having to live with him whispering in you ear that the world would be better off with you not in it. Well this is what living with anxiety disorder is like. Now obviously this is an extreme end of the symptoms, but sadly it happens to often, and we are forced to cope with it. My symptoms, yes mine, range anything from racing thoughts, to a racing heart, to left-field thoughts of suicide. I feel like anxiety is such a touchy subject that very little people want to openly talk about it. I mean where is the stigma in saying, hey last week I wanted to kill myself. It just doesn’t roll of the tongue, or really relate to anyone who is not struggling with it. I think that is the hardest part of having anxiety disorder, NO one around you understands what you are going through, unless they suffer from it as well. There is no easy way to describe what happens, and how to handle each situation. If only there were some kind of guide book to living with anxiety disorder, and I am not talking about those pamphlets that tell me how to breathe, or areas in my life that I can reduce stress. Unfortunately I am an every day college student with statistically alarming amounts of anxiety, regardless if you have the disorder or not†¦ so if you think your stress is bad, and you don’t have anxiety disorder. Just image what it would be like if you tripled that stress, for no apparent reason, and with little to no way to change theShow MoreRelatedHealth Problem: Mental Illness Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness – Anxiety Attacks Mental illness is a health problem that influences how an individual thinks, interacts and behaves with others. It affects one in five Australians at some point of their lives. This is because a majority of Australians are influenced by a variety of factors that impact on their wellbeing negatively such as prolonged stress, the use of drugs and alcohol, negative cognitive patterns, biological reasons and many more. This in the long run can affect an individual’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Exercise On Body s Physical Condition1247 Words   |  5 Pagesstress, can be difficult, but the ignorance to not exercise, can ultimately cost you your life. How does stress affect us? Stress negatively affects our bodies in a variety ways. Stress is a response our bodies have to a stimulant. When you watch a scary movie, the reaction to the startling moment is an act of stress. Though, stress is a normal bodily response, and Americans expect to have a little stress in their lives, according to APA (define). Though, too much stress is not good for the humanRead MoreSynopsis Of A Minute School Projects Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pages]: Monstrous-overpowering-stress. Last minute school projects because you can’t choose a topic. Planning Thanksgiving dinner in September then cancelling. Making a to-do list only to throw it away because the list is too long and you don’t want to look at it. Attacks. Numbing of the body that starts with the tingling of your toes and moves up into the chest tightening your ribcage and enclosing on your heart; it pounds as hard as the waves of the ocean hit the shore during a tsunami . The tsunamiRead MoreSeparation Anxi ety : A Normal Part Of Childhood Development1463 Words   |  6 Pages Separation Anxiety often known as SAD refers to a developmental stage in which a child experiences anxiety due to separation from the primary caregiver (usually the mother). It is considered to be a normal part of childhood development. The normal stage occurs around eight months of age and can last up until the child is fourteen months old. Babies and toddlers are not the only ones that suffer from this disorder. When people would see children crying once their parents would hand them to someoneRead MoreFinding Nemo: Psychological Profiles of Its Characters Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageschildren’s movie Marlin does eventually find his son Nemo and they go back home and live happily ever after. This all sounds good right? Wrong! Looking at this movie from a psychologist point of view, or in my case a psychology students’ point of view you slowly begin to realize from the moment the movie starts each and every one of the characters in this lovely kids movie is kind of messed up in their own special way. The first character that I would like to talk about is Marlin. Marlin is Nemo’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Serotonin On The Central Nervous System Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"Jolly† Neurotransmitter If you have been diagnosed with depression, you most likely will be told it is due to a deficiency of serotonin. Serotonin is regarded by many people as the basic neurotransmitter, or chemical hormone, that regulates mood. It plays the central role in the regulation of human mood and temperament. Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter which works with the excitatory sympathetic systems, like adrenaline and dopamine, in the central nervous system. Most widely researchedRead MoreMental Illness And Social Anxiety1715 Words   |  7 Pagessituations mainly focusing on anxiety, social anxiety, anxiety attack and panic attacks and how one may cope with the symptoms and or be relieved of these symptoms. Monitor - Predicting an attack before it even happens - preventing the attack from happening e.g. getting the individual out of the situation. If the individual is no removed from the situation or the attack is not prevented it leads into protect there should be a way to either monitor the individual but also a way to protect them during theRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1743 Words   |  7 Pagesa bad thing and see very few problems relating to social media. Others see right through the illusion of the LED screen. The public can easily hide behind a keyboard without threat of confrontation for their words or actions on the internet. Anything and everything can be said and they will not be faulted. Social media is more detrimental to users than advantageous due to the allowance of freedom to insult, bully and threaten others without fear of punishment or consequence; cyberbullying permittedRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anx iety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . Their own mental profile and how to recognize the symptoms so they can help themselves and others around them Audience Analysis: (Refer to chapter on Audience Analysis) (RU Core Goal: a) Summarize Audience demographics, prior exposure/knowledge, common ground/interest, disposition/attitudeRead MoreSocial And Social Impact On Social Media1485 Words   |  6 Pagesmessaging via Twitter, Facebook and the many other social media outlets available today. As a result, they rarely ever engage in the face-to-face communication that is needed to develop and maintain those social skills. It is common now for young adults to use their cellphones as a means of avoiding people and small-talk by pretending that they are texting or on the phone with somebody, impacting their ability to make new friends. Instead of enjoying the company around them they are more interested in what’s

Total Quality Management and Control for Mulberry Production Departmen

Question: Describe about the Total Quality Management and Control for Mulberry Production Department. Answer: Total quality management is a management approach that integrates all the organizational functions i.e. marketing, finance, production, human resource, engineering, customer service, design etc and focus on the requirements and expectations of the customer. TQM would ensure that the requirements of both customer and organization are met. The customer requirement would focus on the product quality, reliability and consistency in the services that meets customer expectations and requirements and wins the confidence of the customer. The organizational requirement would focus on effective costing, optimum utilization of the resources (material, manpower, technology, infrastructure and information). TQM and its implementation would include the following activities in order to align with company goals and objectives: Employee and management commitment Reducing product and service costs Improvement of teams Meeting customer expectations and requirements Demand flow manufacturing Employee empowerment and involvement Recognition and celebration Specific incorporation in strategic planning Reducing development cycle times Challenging quantified goals and benchmarking Systems to facilitate improvement Line management ownership Focusing on processes / improvement plans The report intends to develop a TQM process for the production department in order to produce high quality laptop handbags. Quality control, monitor and process development Control and monitoring would be required for the complete production process of Mulberry in order to produce high quality handbags which meets the needs and requirement of the customers, who are young ladies and boys, business community and tutors. Identify and correct defects In order to control quality it is important to identify defects in the production department and prevent it in the future. The defects can be minimized by maintaining the quality of the raw materials and the process of making hand bags. The quality of raw materials that is leather, stitching material can controlled by the selection of proper vendors and suppliers. The quality of process can be controlled by assessing, recording and resolving work problems in the factory within the workers. Trade unions can be appointed to resolve the issues of the workers. Quality Management Systems QMS is a process of controlling the quality of the services and product by preventing defects. It focuses on satisfying customer needs and requirements. The Mulberry handbags are designed to meet the requirements of young ladies and boys along with business community and tutors, therefore the sizes, colors and texture are all in align with their requirements. The laptop handbags are designed by using superior quality leather with the latest trendy designs providing cushion for the support in case the laptop slips out of the hand of the user. SOP will be implemented in the production department to control the quality of the handbags. The process of making handbag will be divided into sub processes of sourcing of raw material, cutting and sizing, modeling leather, leather processing, painting and drying and packaging and labeling. The workforce of 100000 workers will be divided into three teams namely turning leather, painting and packaging. These three teams will be trained for the process they would be assigned. Sourcing of raw material The high quality raw leather sheets and stitching material will be purchased from the local vendors, who are the most authentic and reliable suppliers providing leather at a very effective cost. The paints that will be used for leathers can also be obtained at a very effective price from the local sources. Cutting and sizing: The leather sheets will be cut into different sizes as per the requirement, which is 16*8 inch for 15 inch laptops and, 10*5 inch for 9 inch mini laptop. It is essential to control the size of the blade and its sharpness. Modeling leather Once the leather has been cut into different sizes, then modeling of leather will take place for which the workers would need to be trained for the required design. The requirement is for 16*8 inch and 10*5 inch leather hand bags, according to which the modeling will take place. The control mechanism will make sure the thickness and color of the thread being used along with the needle and sewing technique being used. Processing leather The leather is then processed through the tanning process and gives a polished leather product. Here, the amount of chemical added in each step is to be controlled along with the temperature and ph value. Painting and drying Once the processing of the leather is complete, painting the hand bags will start to give them their desired and attractive look. Three colors would be required for painting which are black, camel and red. The color mixing has to be standardized by controlling the amount of the color mixed. After painting the handbags will be dried using the drier. Packaging and labeling Once the bags are completely dry, now they will be labeled with the company logo and packed in labeled boxes. Quality Plans Quality plan would define the standard and specification along with the procedures of the production. The standard will be set in terms of sizes (10*5 and 16*8), color fastness (black, camel and red), texture (fibers, yarns and fabric construction), design and quality. Apart from these hand bag will also be tested for its durability, reliability, performance, visual and perceived quality. The handbag should comply with these standards. Testing Testing of the handbags would ensure that the customers receive high quality handbags as per their requirement. The bags will be tested on the basis of the standards and specification set in the quality plan. The quality manager would make sure that only those hand bags, which passes the quality test would be sent to the exclusive showroom and the rest are scrapped after investigating the defect. Recommended Changes in the department The change recommended for the production department is to ensure the quality of raw material used which is leather and stitching material. Ensuring high quality leather would mean testing the leather before beginning with the process of cutting and sizing leather. Following test would be implemented to ensure high quality leather: Standard Test for Measuring the Relative Stiffness of Raw Leather Physical and Mechanical Tests for the Determination of Thickness of Leather Chemical Testing Therefore, there is a need to install equipments for these tests to be conducted to check leather quality. Results Customer requirement and expectation The changes will result in a better product quality which will be consistent, reliable, durable and high quality. This will lead to increased customer satisfaction. Organizational goals and objectives The change will improve the quality of the product and reduce the number of defected products which will help in achieving the goals and objectives of Mulberry. Impact on the Stakeholders The shareholders will now be required to invest more money for the set up and staff requirements. The board members will have to come up with a structural plan for the implementation of the changes. The workers will now have to perform the inspection test for the raw material and thus, will have to work with more responsibility. The suppliers will be alert in terms of quality because now the inferior quality leather will be monitored. The customers will now be getting a very high quality product in terms of reliability and durability. Chemical testing will affect environment in a hazardous manner. List of References Nanda, V, (2005), Quality Management System Handbook for Product Development Companies, US:CRC Press. Jain, PL, (2001), Quality Control and Total Quality Management, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Limited Company. Rao, A, (1996), Total Quality Management:A cross functional perspective, US: Wiley. Smith, AK, (1993), Total Quality Management in the Public Sector.Quality Progress, June 1993, pp. 45-48. Hyde, A, (1992), The Proverbs of Total Quality Management: Recharting the Path to Quality Improvement in the Public Sector,Public Productivity and Management Review, vol. 16, no 1, pp. 25-37. Hill Stephen, (1991), Why Quality Circles Failed but Total Quality Management Might Succeed, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 29, no 4, pp. 541-568. Martin, L, (1993), Total Quality Management in the Public Sector,National Productivity Review, vol. 10, pp. 195-213. Swiss, J, (1992), Adapting TQM to Government.Public Administration Review, vol. 52, pp. 356-362. Tichey, N, (1983),Managing Strategic Change, New York: John Wiley Sons. Ishikawa, K., (1985).What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice- Hall.

Provisional Government Essays - Russian Revolution, Old Bolsheviks

Provisional Government This so-called October Revolution was an armed insurrection carried out by the Bolshevik Party using the apparatus of the Petrograd Soviet. Lenin insisted that the transfer of power from the Provisional Government to the Bolsheviks take this militarized form rather than the political form of a vote by the forthcoming All-Russian Congress of Soviets, an approach favored by Zinoviev and Kamenev. Lenin did this because he believed, as did Marx, that the class struggle was class warfare and so necessarily involved physical violence. No other method could demonstrate where the real power lay. In the same manner, Lenin understood the literal meaning of Marx's call to expropriate the expropriators by urging the masses to steal the stolen. This was no violation of Marx's view of the logic of history -- armed coercion was always integral to that logic. And so, the October coup set the precedent for the continuing use of coercion by the Party through all the stages required to construct social ism. From his refuge in Finland, Lenin initiated pressure for such an insurrection in the wake of the Kornilov affair of the late summer, and by October 10th he had persuaded the Central Committee to vote 10 to 2 for such an action in principle. But the task of organizing the insurrection fell to Leon Trotsky. In order to give the Party coup an appearance of greater proletarian legitimacy, Trotsky delayed it so that it would coincide with the forthcoming, national Congress of Soviets. This was against Lenin's express command. Trotsky also engineered the creation within the Soviet of the Military Revolutionary Committee, which was in fact dominated by the Bolsheviks, to carry out the actual takeover of Petrograd. In other words, this Revolution was a minority military action, not a mass event like the one that occurred in February, or in 1905, for that matter. To be more precise, what did occur was an amateur police operation of the Military Revolutionary Committee, some sailors of the Baltic fleet and a handful of Red Guards to take over the nerve-centers of the capital on the night of October 24th. The Petrograd proletariat and the city's military garrison remained overwhelmingly neutral. Because there were no forces to fight for the Provisional Government, the Bolsheviks had almost nothing to overthrow. As Lenin himself put it, the Party found power lying in the streets and simply picked it up. Thus the strategy that Lenin had embraced in his APRIL THESES paid off in the October seizure of power. Lenin, the Bolshevik leader, hitherto unknown to most Russians as well as the outside world, suddenly found himself the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic, a government that was in fact little more than the Bolshevik Party in power. This new power immediately issued two decrees. The first, On Peace, called for a negotiated end to the war. What this really meant was Russia's unilateral withdrawal from the conflict. The second, On Land, socialized gentry and state properties. What this implied was an endorsement of the already accomplished agrarian revolution. As Lenin put it to Trotsky on the night of the coup, it makes the head swim. Our sense of wonder at the Bolshevik victory has lingered in the historiography ever since, where it has produced problems of interpretation The problem arises from the facts. First, that the Bolshevik Party was largely Lenin's personal creation and second, that his personal insistence on armed insurrection was the driving force which led up to the October coup. However, does all this mean that without Lenin there would have been no Red October and hence no Soviet regime? This rather extreme version of the great man theory has often been advanced. Even Trotsky, though committed as a Marxist to the social logic of history, comes close to holding Lenin indispensable to Bolshevik victory. Trotsky may have wished to be more cautious. The events of 1917 -- from Order Number One in February to the emergence of the Left SRs in October -- show that even without Lenin there was ample room on the Russian Left for an extremist party of revolution now. Consider that statement carefully. Before October it was

Attacks essays

Attacks essays Franklin Delano Roosevelt and George W. Bush are presidents who faced markedly different times, economic issues and social concerns. However, they have one tragic fact in common: they were both sitting presidents when the United States experienced surprise attacks from countries or entities outside the United States. Roosevelt was President during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and Bush was president on September 11, 2001, when the terrorist organization al-Queda attacked New York City and Both incidents resulted in the United States going to war with wide support from the American public, and allegations have since arisen that both presidents knew about the likelihood of the attacks before they There's no doubt that both attacks came as a complete surprise to most people. Roosevelt called the attack on Pearl Harbor a day that would live in infamy, and the immediate circumstances surrounding the attack certainly supported that view. The attack made it impossible to not declare war on Japan, and since Japan had signed an agreement with the Axis Powers, this meant we were also at war with Germany and Italy. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the great majority of American realized we had experienced a terrorist attack, which made it unclear at first just whom we should declare war on. In some ways the 2001 attack was even more outrageous to Americans than the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941. In 1941, Japan had chosen military targets. In 2001, al-Queda hit only one military target which resulted in a small minority of the casualties compared to the thousands of people who died in New York City when they attacked civilian targets. By September 15th, formal opinion in the government had formed that the terrorist group al-Queda was behind the attacks as they had claimed. President Bush's administration had already made it clear that we...

Free Essays on Summer

Out of all the four seasons that we receive each year here in United States, the one that has appealed to me the most is the summer time. Why you ask? There are a lot of things to do and activities that are available for our us during summer compared to the other seasons. Plus the warm weather, the sunny days, and the long bright nights we receive during that time makes our summer time even more exciting and fun. A typical college student like me who does full time school and still manages to work 20 hours a week is a ongoing struggle and stress over the whole school year. Sleepless nights doing homework, studying and analyzing the next lesson for the next lecture, a twenty page reading every night is my daily routine, and this provides me a little over a maximum of 4 - 6 hours of sleep everyday. And this is a harsh daily routine for me until summer comes. Summer time allows me to get at least 8 hours of sleep every day for 7 days a week and that is something unheard of during this time around. With the school being out for 3 months, summer is the greatest time to catch up with sleep and rest. Something I’ve been wanting since the beginning of the semester. No homework, no studying, and yes there is no school. Typically every summer when there is no school, I always get on a 3 month vacation from my job or either leave my job if they don’t allow that. Summer is a great time to travel and explore great new places either around United States or other parts of the world. Typically I will travel around North America with my closest friends. Road trip is probably the best choice for us. Down south has the best places, Florida, New Orleans, California, Las Vegas, and Tijuana, Mexico has the best places that we visited and the most memorable. Not only vacations gives you time to yourself, It is also a great time to bond with you friends, and family. With all the time I spent in school and work, last this school year, havi... Free Essays on Summer Free Essays on Summer Out of all the four seasons that we receive each year here in United States, the one that has appealed to me the most is the summer time. Why you ask? There are a lot of things to do and activities that are available for our us during summer compared to the other seasons. Plus the warm weather, the sunny days, and the long bright nights we receive during that time makes our summer time even more exciting and fun. A typical college student like me who does full time school and still manages to work 20 hours a week is a ongoing struggle and stress over the whole school year. Sleepless nights doing homework, studying and analyzing the next lesson for the next lecture, a twenty page reading every night is my daily routine, and this provides me a little over a maximum of 4 - 6 hours of sleep everyday. And this is a harsh daily routine for me until summer comes. Summer time allows me to get at least 8 hours of sleep every day for 7 days a week and that is something unheard of during this time around. With the school being out for 3 months, summer is the greatest time to catch up with sleep and rest. Something I’ve been wanting since the beginning of the semester. No homework, no studying, and yes there is no school. Typically every summer when there is no school, I always get on a 3 month vacation from my job or either leave my job if they don’t allow that. Summer is a great time to travel and explore great new places either around United States or other parts of the world. Typically I will travel around North America with my closest friends. Road trip is probably the best choice for us. Down south has the best places, Florida, New Orleans, California, Las Vegas, and Tijuana, Mexico has the best places that we visited and the most memorable. Not only vacations gives you time to yourself, It is also a great time to bond with you friends, and family. With all the time I spent in school and work, last this school year, havi...

Review of Sources Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review of Sources Paper - Essay Example Petroleum and geosystem engineering seek to find safer ways of extracting this valuable source of energy so as to ensure future global energy security. Petroleum geologists and engineers get to estimate and provide a description of the hydrocarbon reservoirs while also focusing on ways of exploration. This field of engineering focuses on providing an explanation on the physical behavior of water, gas, and oil within porous rock at extremely high pressure. Literature under this field explain how petroleum engineers and geologists combine their efforts to understand how petroleum reservoirs get developed and depleted. The article ‘Abiogenic origin of hydrocarbons: An historical overview’ by Glasby (84) provides an explanation as to how hydrocarbons get formed by using two theories; the Thomas Gold theory and the Russio-Ukrainain theory of petroleum formations. The Thomas Gold theory provides a strong scientific base on the formation of hydrocarbons as it does not make weak assumptions or an unscientific approach like the biogenic theory of petroleum. The Russio-Ukranian theory explains the formation of hydrocarbons from methane and how they present themselves onto the earth’s crust (Glasby 90). ... The article falls short on defining the origin of oil under the theoretical categorization of organic and inorganic nature. The article postulates the common belief that oil got formed as terrestrial vegetation that got washed and deposited into the sea where they became incorporated into the earth’s crust and mantle. Other theories have explained the formation of oil as a naturally occurring earth pigment or due to the presence of hydrocarbons in meteorites. This article appears similar to ‘Abiogenic origin of hydrocarbons: An historical overview’ as they both fail to expound on the chemical processes such as oxidation, methane reactions, and thermionic development of oil from long hydrocarbon compounds. In his book ‘Geomechanics applied to the petroleum industry’, Nauroy (62) discusses on how designing an efficient drilling program is a vital step towards the development of a gas and or oil field. The author looks at the geomechanics of rock behavio r and how it is essential in the exploitation of hydrocarbons (Nauroy 112). The author focuses on detailing how geomechanics gets applied to the petroleum industry. The book provides an insight into the methods applied by petroleum engineers in their drilling and production process of oil. The book compares to that of ‘Petroleum engineering’ which looks at the need for understanding the evolving geological aspect concerned with the earth planet. By understanding the geological aspects of the planet, it helps to provide a better basis for understanding the process of mining and drilling of oil. The author discusses the origin of petroleum engineering by providing a detailed background of the earth’s geological

Morality of a Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morality of a Foreign Policy - Essay Example securing the good of the community and not benefitting the individual member of the society. Morality is derived from a Latin word "mores", that means custom, habit or a way of life. For an act to be moral, there are three fundamental characteristics - foremost, universal allegiance, secondly, impartiality in all the acts and lastly, the act in itself should be self-enforcing. The implication of these elements is that moral values bind everyone to these norms, and irrespective of any one, it is applied to all perspectives and interests. Lastly, it should be through voluntary actions of the persons and not forced upon by any other. Ethics is doing what is right and refrain from doing what is wrong. And the good is determined by the norms that are applicable to that particular situation. The political issues involve complex public affairs, and competing moral values and dilemmas and not simple moral verdicts. Ethical reasoning and judgments in foreign policy making involves use of relevant morals and illuminations in managing foreign relations with other states. The issues such as fairness of the international economic order, justice of the global institutions, and international regimes etc. should be guided by rules, and institutions in light of moral norms (Amstutz, 2005). The politics among nations is governed by political Realism, the phenomenon that says that the society is governed by objective laws have its roots from the human nature. Since the political systems comprises of people, therefore, the societal laws of human beings are to always prevail in these systems. Any statesman should apply rational alternatives in meeting problems under all circumstances. Morality has multiple facets to a foreign policy. Foremost, morality helps in defining goals and purposes of states and other players. No specific policy directives are given, but direction and general vision to highlight the nation's vital interests is given by the moral rules governing the foreign policy. It establishes the limits for any policy measure to be taken and acted upon. Moreover, any policy is also judged on the basis of these pre specified norms for judging the acts of the nations. A moral foreign policy should address three instruments - the conscience of decision makers, the influence of domestic opinion, and the influence of international reputation. The domestic opinion is formed by the freedom of expression of the people - as judged by the media, interest groups, and nongovernmental and professional associations; whereas, global opinion influences the international reputation of the country by labeling it as a reliable and moral actor or not. Kantian Ethics is the deontological approach talks about seeking happiness and that everyone will try to achieve pleasure and gratification to lead to the happiness, but, achieving happiness does not always fall in the purview of our powers, and it is a matter of luck. Thus, under this philosophy, evaluation of international politics actions taken might deem to be right or wrong, and not depending on the consequences. Thus, rationality is based on how a certain action is performed and not what does it result. Therefore, under this theory acts of terrorism can be favored by saying that these are the law enforcement acts, irrespective of the

In Asthmatic Children under the age of 5yrs is spacer inhaler more Essay

In Asthmatic Children under the age of 5yrs is spacer inhaler more beneficial than a nebulizer - Essay Example The recent British thoracic Society Guidelines (20) support the use of spacer inhaler over the nebulizer. The possible advantages that accrue include reduced cost of acquisition and operation, greater potential convenience and reduced incidence of infection. It is therefore very important to asses whether spacer inhalers are beneficial in children with with extremely asthmatic episodes. The above clinical question and the suggested intervention measures are relevant in clinical practice of our modern society. C- Comparison interest: indicate that nebuliser too can offer convenience depending on the prevailing situational circumstance in relation to time, cost and available staff training and level of professionalism. Search for the articles relevant for this research review was computer based. Article database search was based on the PubMed directory. An updated PubMed search (8 April 2013), with the key terms â€Å"asthma† â€Å" spacer†, â€Å"nebuliser verses spacer inhaler†, â€Å"asthma spacer inhaler†, â€Å"spacer nebuliser comparison†, â€Å"acute asthmatic children†, â€Å"or asthma with the key term limit of meta analysis, human, all children 0-5 years. This led to acquisition of 15 citations which included two systematic reviews. First search was done based in the key terms that reflect the clinical problem â€Å"asthmatic children, nebuliser verses spacer inhaler†, â€Å"acute asthmatic† and â€Å"asthma†. This directed the search towards the acquisition of many other incidences which are prevalent to the problem in question. By reading the abstracts and key terms of the first acquired article, other terms like â€Å"juvenile asthma† and â€Å"asthma spacer nebulizer†. This gave out a new dimension of the review. The new article obtained from the secondary search show a considerable compliance and correlation of the primary sources. They

Social Constructionism Theory An Analysis

Social Constructionism Theory An Analysis This short study discusses the theory of social constructionism, with special regard to its implications for social workers and how its use can help them to understand human behaviour. Social constructionism represents a sociological theory of knowledge that studies the development of various sociological phenomena in social contexts. The theory, simply put, questions widely held assumptions about inherent qualities of items, concepts, or issues, and instead brings attention to the dependence of such qualities upon the contingent rationale of our social sense. It helps us in realising that human perceptions of reality and the world, of things, concepts and ideas, are shaped by deliberate human choices and linguistic reinforcement, rather than by natural laws or divine intention. A social construct, the anchor of this theory, represents the artefact of a specific group. To illustrate, intangible words like talent or brilliance, which in the overwhelming majority of cases represent little else than greater effort or the achievement of proficiency, are imbued with special significance and then tagged on to specific people separate them from the hoi polloi, resulting in the alteration of perceptions and behaviour of the masses towards such individuals. To be hard working is to be commonplace, to be brilliant is to be extraordinary. And to be called brilliant is even better. Language, as is obvious, plays a key role in the development of social constructs. The origins of present day social constructionist theories go back to the writings of Immanuel Kant. Kant argued for the existence of a world that was independent of human minds, thus implying that humans should not assert that they created the world. This world, he said, is without structure and is not divided into things and facts. Structure is imposed on the world by perceiving it and thinking of it in specific ways, as also by the adoption of particular, (rather than other), sets of beliefs about it. Vivine Burr (2003, p 2) and other advocates of social constructionist theory put forth the view that knowledge of constructionism enables individuals to adopt critical attitudes towards their conventional lenses for perceiving and understanding the world and their own selves. It provides humans with fresh ways of assessing ideas and things that are otherwise considered to be commonplace and accepted without demur. Numerous things like money, newspapers or citizenship are socially constructed and would not obviously have existed in the absence of society. Each of them furthermore could have well been differently constructed. This essay analyses and critiques the use of social constructionism by social workers in the understanding human behaviour. Specific emphasis has been given to the role of constructionism use in analysing commonly held perceptions and attitudes towards mental disorders. The study is segregated into three sections that sequentially take up the use of social constructionism for social workers in understanding human behaviour, its relevance in understanding mental disorders, and its areas of ambiguity and possible misuse. The Use of Social Constructionism to Understand Human Behaviour Social workers have two fundamental objectives, namely, (a) the strengthening of the ability of individuals and groups to cope with the many difficulties and challenges they confront in life and (b) the bringing about of improvements in various social and environmental circumstances in order to improve the satisfaction of human needs; especially of people from underprivileged and oppressed social segments. Social workers plan and attempt their various interventions through their understanding of environmental circumstances, the various reasons for development of such conditions, and the client system. Such knowledge and the consequent adoption of theoretic approaches significantly influence the point, the tool, and the nature of social work intervention. It becomes evident that understanding of the reality of the client environment is crucial, both to social work theory and to its practice. Theories of classical empiricism assert that the truth about the world is established and is independent of the individual. Social constructionism conversely puts forth the viewpoint that such truth, far from being independent of individuals, actually depends upon their thoughts, perceptions and beliefs. Whilst empiricists state that reality cannot be known separately from our elucidation of it, social constructionism messages that reality is constructed socially, with language being critical for the interpretation and construction of commonly accepted reality. It encourages people to question the widely held perception that conventional and accepted knowledge has sprung from objective and impartial examination of the world. It is in this sense opposed to the positivist epistemology of traditional science and spurs thinking individuals to constantly question their assumptions about the appearance of their environment and its various components. Objectivists assert that individuals make discoveries and find out about the reality of the world through the construction and testing of hypotheses via the actions of neutral observers, even as constructionists debunk such assumptions, arguing that the interests and values of observers can never be separated from their observations and are thus bound to influence the final construction of common perceptions about world realities. Gergen (1985, p 270), states that generation of ideas of reality is initiated by social, rather than individual, processes and that the touted objective reality of the positivist approach is actually the result of various social construction processes that are influenced by historical, political, cultural and economic conditions. Berger and Luckmann, (1966), state that individuals experience the world to be an objective reality, comprising of persons and events that exist separately of individual perceptions. Payne (1997), additionally states that reality, according to social constructionism, can be stated to be the guidance of behaviour by individual perceptions of knowledge and reality. Individuals arrive at shared perceptions of reality through the sharing of their knowledge via different social processes that first organise such knowledge and thereafter establish it by making it objective. Social and individual activity thus becomes habitual with individuals sharing their assumptions about their perceptions of reality. People behave in line with social conventions that are based on such shared knowledge. These conventions are furthermore institutionalised because of the agreement of many people on such understandings on different aspects of society. Such realisations and accords thereafter become legitimi sed by processes that integrate these ideas about reality into ordered and believable systems. Language provides the means through which individuals make sense of their environment, classify persons and events, and interpret new experiences. The shared reality of everyday life by different individuals distinguishes it from individual realities, (like dreams). Language helps individuals in sharing their experiences and making it available to others. Such sharing of reality leads to institutionalisation and thereafter to habitual ways of working. Habitualism in turn makes the behaviour of different individuals predictable, facilitates joint activity and perpetuates social control mechanisms. Knowledge is as such institutionalised within sub-groups, or at social levels, and significantly influences the behaviour of people. Shakespeare famously used his felicity with language to construct an illusionary reality about Jewish greed that persisted for centuries and shaped the perceptions and behaviours of millions of people towards the community. With such knowledge of reality being essentially constructed, it can change over time and diverge across cultural groups that embrace different perceptions and beliefs about human nature and development. Considering that the norms, beliefs, values, traditions, attitudes and practices of different cultural groups vary from each other, the social construction of their knowledge is also likely to differ significantly. An understanding of this fundamental principle can help social workers in their realisation of the different perceptions, attitudes and behaviours of different individuals towards similar social phenomena or stimuli. Social constructionism helps social workers in adopting critical stances towards established assumptions that reinforce the interests of powerful and dominant social groups and assists them in realising that the world has come about because of historical processes of communication and negotiation between groups and individuals. Gergen (1985, p 266), states that people see the world through the eyes of their particular communities and cultures and respond accordingly. Established assumptions, understandings and behaviours of people are sustained by social, political, economic and moral institutions. Social workers should, through its application, be better able to understand the various dimensions of reality within such individual thoughts, perceptions and beliefs. Social workers, the writer feels, need to realise that social understanding is finally the combined result of various human understandings through the operation of circular processes, wherein individuals contribute to the construction of social meaning within social structures of societies through processes of institutionalisation and legitimisation. Societies consequently create conventions through the participation of individuals in their structures, which, in turn influences the behaviours of people. Spirals of constantly moving influences build and rebuild the conventions that people adopt and by which they live. Social constructionism allows social workers to question dominant structures of knowledge and understand the impact of culture and history. Social workers understand the requirements of humans by and large through the application of specific ideological, ethical, political and economic approaches. An understanding of social constructionism can help them in understanding the responses behind the actions of both dominant and vulnerable groups of society and decide upon the adoption of the best suited routes for bringing about social change. Social Constructionism and Mental Illness Much of modern societys perceptions about mental ailments are influenced by the medical and psychological models. These state that medical illnesses are real; they concern disturbances in thoughts, experiences, and emotions that can be serious enough to cause functional impairment in individuals. Such ailments make it difficult for individuals to sustain interpersonal relationships and conduct their jobs. They can also sometimes result in self destructive actions, including suicides. The more serious of such illnesses, like extreme depression and schizophrenia, can often be chronic and lead to serious disability. Social constructionism argues that such perceptions about mental ailments are caused by specifically constructed vocabularies of medical and psychological models, which are replete with elaborate terminologies for mental disorders and focused on deficits. Walker, (2006), states that vocabularies of medical and psychological models, including the concept of mental illness itself, are essentially social constructions. They are made up of terms that describe deficits and diseases and perceive human beings as things that can be examined, diagnosed and treated, much in the manner of machines. Such perceptions (a) lead to obsessions with compliance, (b) distinguish between normal and pathological states, (c) position practitioners as experts, and (d) represent clients as passive and obedient objects of treatment. Recommended treatments focus on elimination of symptoms, support established paternalistic roles, and are not focused on actual client needs. Social constructionism, the writer fe els, can help social workers in understanding the destructive illusions that have been created by existing medical and psychological models and deficit based language. Examined from the perspective of linguistics, reified categories like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are defined by clusters termed as symptoms; schizophrenia for example is concerned with the occurrence of audio hallucinations. Such terms have come about due to the creation of consensus among doctors and psychologists and persist because of convention. Mental illnesses are often described by such specialists in terms akin to physical ailments like diabetes, where individuals manage their lives with specific medications; these comparisons are used to explain the working of medications and to make diagnosis and recommended treatment for mental ailments acceptable to clients. Analogies like these however do appear to the writer to be forced and even trifling considering that discussions about thoughts and feelings of individuals concern their identities and not their bodies. Social workers need to understand that the vocabularies of medical and psychological models essentially position clinicians as the most suitable interpreters of client experiences. Even superficially docile terms like clinical or treatment plans establish contexts where clients are perceived to be abnormal or having pathologies, even as clinicians are established as authorities with abilities to perform interventions for assisting clients in overcoming their pathologies. With the power of definition lying with clinicians, the labelling of people as mentally ill pushes them to the borders of society and takes away from them their intrinsic rights and privileges. Social constructionism helps social workers in understanding that whilst political and human pressure has helped in eliminating the incarceration of the mentally ill in mental hospitals, the distinction created by vocabulary on mental illness leads to the movement of foci of power to clinicians and undermines efforts for self determination and community integration. Such medical and psychological vocabularies constitute obstacles to more inclusive mental health programmes and undermine social understanding of people with mental disorders. Gray Areas Social workers need to however recognise the gray areas that surround social constructionist theory. Dominelli (97) states that social workers are ironically likely to regulate the social construction of the children of poor families, with whom they work extensively, by giving credibility to the dominant, white, heterosexual, nuclear family model. The writer feels that the casual application of the theory for the debunking of each and every thing, including important issues like culture and community, can lead to confusion and dilute the focus of social workers. Race and religion, for example, are essentially social constructs of dominant power groups but that does not take away from the fact that they exist and are not expected to disappear because of critical analysis by social constructists. Wanton overdoing of social construction has often resulted in methodologically substandard work, wherein scholars have spent time in libraries, worked on some novels and then put forth findings that the common images and metaphors in them were social constructions with wide relational powers in the reality, which such novels attempted to represent. Roche and Barnes Holmes (2003) state that the strength of social constructivism is also its weakness; its deconstructive methods dissolve the solutions as well as the problems from which they emerge. Social constructions surround us and include diverse aspects like racism, child abuse, crime, and disease. The writer feels that these things do not become unreal because of their social construction; even though the dominance of construction processes may differ between each of them.Spending a great deal of time in showing that most things are social constructs can well be little other than wasted effort. The large body of doctors and psychologists are again unlikely to give up their vocabulary because constructionists do not believe in them. Conclusions It is evident from the preceding discussion that the ongoing debate and dialogue on social constructionism has facilitated a whole new way of looking at established and accepted realities. With regard to the theory and practice of social work, the use of constructionism can help social workers in understanding how dominant groups have for long institutionalised constructs like race, age, gender, and physical and mental disability to perpetuate models of oppression and discrimination. Students and practitioners of social work, whilst making use of this theory, will however do well to consider that excessive stress on constructionist language and downplaying of materiality may well be counterproductive and result not only in idle discourse but in superimposition of their socialised views on vulnerable social segments. Social workers who participate in what they feel are social constructs could also end up questioning the relevance of their work. They may thus have to battle with their being engaged in phony actions and be adversely affected by the creation of manipulative sensibilities. Social workers must try to ensure that the theory is used practically for widening their knowledge and clarifying different aspects of human behaviour, yet refrain from making it irrelevant and trivial.

America and Muslims

Undoubtedly, the relationship between America and the Islam world has been on the wane. This continues to worsen with claims that anti terror agents are spreading a stereotype that targets Muslims especially of Arab origin. The relationship that America has with the Middle Eastern countries has changed rapidly and is now characterized by mutual acrimony and suspicion.With the coming in of the newly elected president, Barrack Obama and with a promise of revamping Americas foreign policy is being viewed with a glimmer of hope and renewed ties with the Muslim world, indeed this is the message communicated to the world by the recent visit to Turkey. With the war on terror still on, a significant proportion of Americans believe that extending an olive branch towards the Muslim countries is the wrong approach, instead, they belief that he should carry on with Bush policies and eliminate terrorism through force.However, this paper maintains that to change the prevalent perception that the t hat the world has with the United States and also to erase suspicions over the blanket condemnation with Islam, America needs to re-initiate foreign ties and extend an olive branch to the Muslim world. The hostility characterizing the relationship between America and Muslim can be traced to the events of the September 11, 2001 attack. It is important to recognize that the 2001 terrorist attack was a big blow to the United States and hit at the core of its emotions and continues to evoke anger to date.With this being the worst atrocity ever meted out on Americans in their own soil, it was bound to evoke all manner of responses both from the public and the ruling elite. The fact that the attack was masterminded and executed by the al Qaeda, a, Muslim extremist group was possible to evoke anti Islam sentiments amongst the Americans. This ushered an era of suspicion and poor relations between Islam and America. This situation was ultimately compounded by the response and the policies of President Bush.Bush responded with a decisive precision that has become a characteristic of America’s response to perceived aggression from outside. His policies and approach to attack the core of terrorism was interpreted to mean that he was out to attack Muslims (Rabasa et al 43). It has to be pointed out that after the onset of the attack, many Muslim leaders came out publicly to condemn the attack, â€Å"many Muslim leaders abroad were as keen to distance themselves from the terrorism of September 11 as were Muslim leaders in the United States.† (Crockatt 74) With the exception of Iraq, majority of Islam states also condemned the attack. In his congressional address, Bush reiterated his stand on terrorism maintaining that he did not share in the perception that Islam was fuelling terrorism. However, the situation on the ground and indeed at the international politics coupled with the war against terrorism was different, the fateful events of the 9/11 created tensi ons not only in America but internationally, â€Å"Muslim feel that even though they had nothing to do with those involved with terrorism, they are being targeted and profiled by government agencies.† (Khan 57) Bush’s policies and actions did nothing to change this but on the contrary reinforced it, his clarions call of you are either with the terrorists or against us meant there was no middle ground and was lumping Muslims together with the terrorists. His concentration on the Middle East as the base to fight terrorism also was an indication that he believed the Middle East, the epicenter of Islam, was behind terrorism and this is the main perception held by many Americans today. Cenap Cakmak Zaman in his article titled: What does Obama’s visit say about future Turkish-American relations?, he has examined this relationship, looking at how the recent visit to turkey by Obama will change the perception in the Muslim world. Obama is faced with an uphill task of ch anging this perception and also rooting it out terrorism. His popularity and positive ratings world wide lies on his message of hope and change, the change we need clarion call may have been intended for domestic affairs in Washington but the position of the United States as a global leader means that it has a huge stake in global politics.His change message hence has to be duplicated internationally and in the Middle East is where it should commence. As Cakmak maintains, â€Å"the damage done by George W. Bush to American foreign policy was extensive. Reliance on a political design similar to the Bush style would surely make the damage irreparable and US foreign policy unsustainable†. The recent Obama’s visit to Turkey can be said to be well thought out and indeed timely. The Obama’s administration in its bid to woo Muslims into the mainstream should start with Turkey because of two reasons.Geopolitically, Turkey lies in one of the most important location, bord ering Iraq and also having its foot in Europe. Turkey is both crucial to the advancement of Obama’s policies in the Middle East and also in NATO. Cakmak has appreciated this by maintaining that â€Å"Obama’s administration appreciates how Turkey is indispensable in its Middle Eastern policies and actions. † Core logic behind establishing good ties with Turkey lies in the fact that it is comprised of a majority Muslims. Although secular by nature, Turkey has a huge Muslim population.Acceptance of America amongst the Turkish leadership, which has been vocal in its criticism of Bush’s reign, will go along way in thawing the existing tension and impasse with the Muslim world (Journal of Turkish Weekly). Obamas current approach represents a radical shift from the Bush’s administration which failed to recognize the strategic importance of Turkey. It is important to point out that although Turkey is crucial if easing tension with Muslims is to be achieved , it may not necessarily be an authority in the region.Due to its secularism and westernization, Turkey is not fully regarded as an Islamic state, despite its huge Islamic population. However, the recent visit may work in Obama’s favor and install Turkey as a regional leader. A prudent analysis of this visit indicates that it meant to provide a new thinking and goes a long way in reassuring Muslims world wide of the United States commitment towards re-establishing the much needed good relations with Muslims. It re-emphasizes the need for multilateral approach to global problems and might provide the needed impetus towards the fight against terrorism.A continuation of Bush’s policies will be counterproductive as it was the cause of the existing tension. For his administration to emerge credible, it must denounce unilateral approach that characterized Bush’s administration. In this way, America will be seen as working with the Muslims but not against them. Works C ited Crockatt, Richard. After 9/11: cultural dimensions of American global power. Routledge, 2007, 74 Khan, Arshad. Islam, Muslims, and America: understanding the basis of their conflict. Algora Publishing, 2003, 57 Rabasa A. , Benard C. , Chalk P., Fair C. The Muslim world after 9/11. Rand Corporation, 2004, 43 USAK Experts and Researchers Assessed Obama's Visit to Turkey. Journal of Turkish Weekly. 8 April 2009. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://www. turkishweekly. net/news/71215/usak-experts-and-researchers- assessed-obama-39-s-visit-to-turkey. html Zaman, Cakmak. What does Obama’s visit say about future Turkish-American relations? New York community media alliance. 9 April 2009. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://www. indypressny. org/nycma/voices/368/editorials/editorials_2/

Employment contract Essay

To raise a grievance at work the first step would be to talk to your line manager, explain the situation and see if the problem can be solved informally. If, however, the grievance cannot be resolved informally then the issue can be raised formally using the following procedure: Stage 1 Employees may request in writing a formal meeting with the line manager to state the grievance. Where the issue involves the line manager, this request should be made to the manager’s manager (area manager). Grievances should be made as soon as possible and in any event within 3 months of the issue complained about taking place. A hearing will be arranged, normally within 10 working days, for the employee to discuss the issue with the manager. A decision will be made once the matter has been fully investigated and the manager will communicate their response in writing within 5 working days. This should include details of the employee’s right to appeal. Stage 2 If the employee is dissatisfied with the decision then they have received in stage 1 then they can take their grievance further and request in writing a formal meeting under stage 2 of the grievance procedure. This will be conducted by a manager other than the manager that carried out the stage 1 meeting. The employee will receive the decision of this hearing in writing within 5 working days. Stage 3 If the employee is still dissatisfied with the decision then they may appeal in writing to the Chief Executive of the Trust within 10 working days of receipt of the stage 2 decision. A further meeting will take place and the decision will be confirmed in writing within 5 working days of the hearing. The decision at stage 3 of the procedure is final, in so far as the Trusts internal procedures are concerned. Bv 1. Data Protection All confidential information should be kept secure by employees in order to protect customers and their families. Confidential information (e.g. customer support plans, support notes and medication administration forms) must not be left in a place where non-authorised individuals may view it. Data should not be passed on to anyone without the consent of the customer or their next of kin. 2. Grievance Any grievances should be reported to the line manager to try to resolve the issue informally. If, however, it is not resolved at this level then there is a grievance procedure in place which enables employees to pursue the matter formally. 3. Conflict Management If employees have a problem with another member of staff and it cannot be resolved between themselves then they should contact their line manager for assistance with resolving the issue. If the conflict involves the line manager or if the employee feels that they are not receiving adequate support then they should report to the area manager. 4. Anti-discriminatory Practice All employees are expected to act with dignity and respect towards each person’s individual beliefs and identity. Customers, accessing Oaklea care and support services, should not be treated less favourably based on their; age, sex, disability, race, religion or belief, sexual orientation, marital status or pregnancy/maternity or gender. 5. Health & Safety All employees have personal responsibility in ensuring their own and others health, safety, and welfare at work. We are required to read and apply organisational policies and procedures regarding health and safety, undertake necessary training, wear personal protective equipment (PPE) provided, use safety equipment and safety devices where required and report any hazardous conditions to the line manager or Health and Safety Officer. 6. Confidentiality All information concerning customers and/or their families must be treated  with the upmost respect and all employees have an obligation to protect this information. Confidential information must not be disclosed to a third party either formally or informally (gossip). The sharing of information may be necessary for continuation of good care and support of customers (e.g. between other employees or professions). If employees are asked to disclose information about a customer and are concerned that doing so may breach confidentiality then clarification should be sought via the line manager. 7. Whistle blowing If employees need to raise concern about a risk, malpractice or wrongdoing that affects others such as customers, other staff members, the company or the public then the company’s whistleblowing procedure should be followed. The first stage of this procedure would be to raise concerns with the employee’s line manager either in writing or through a meeting. If the issue involves the line manager or if the employee has already raised their ~@ ?U: concerns with the line manager and feel that they have not been adequately addressed then the second stage of the procedure should be followed. At this stage, issues may be raised either in writing or through a meeting with a Director. If stage 2 has been undertaken and the employees concerns are unresolved or if they feel that the matter is so serious that it should be investigated by the Chief Executive immediately then concerns should be raised either in writing or via a meeting. Any employee raising concerns under the whistleblowing procedure has the right to remain anonymous. Bvi As a Community Home Carer, my role is to provide individualized care and support to people with social care needs so that they may continue to live in their homes and in the community. A care plan is in place for each customer that explains their specific needs and what care they require from us. My duties/responsibilities may include: Assisting customers with washing, bathing, personal hygiene, dressing, toileting, continence and catheter care. Meal and drink preparation and help with feeding where necessary. Helping customers to comply with their prescribed medication and fill out Medication Administration Records (MAR). Supporting customers  with cleaning, laundry, shopping and other household duties as required. Helping customers with mobility skills, transferring them safely where required (e.g. from bed to chair) and helping them to use aids and personal equipment. Providing end of life care. Documenting the care given at each visit in the Daily Support Notes (DSN). Liaising with other carers and health care professionals to ensure continuity of care. By carrying out these duties to a high standard and conforming to all policies, procedures and guidelines, customers will receive a quality service that will help them to maintain as much independence as possible in a safe environment within their own homes. The safeguarding carried out by carers is essential in protecting the health, wellbeing and human rights of vulnerable adults, and ensures that they live free from harm, abuse and neglect. It is our duty to report any safeguarding concerns to the appropriate person(s) so that action may be taken to protect the wellbeing of service users. Bvii a) Following best practice within my work role helps to safeguard vulnerable adults living in the community and ensures that they receive a quality service that promotes health and wellbeing. It is important that I stay within my job role, follow policies and procedures, keep up to date with changes in policies and legislation and keep up to date with training to develop my skills in the workplace. It is also important to work as part of a team, passing on skills where necessary (e.g. to new staff members) and gaining feedback from colleagues. Good communication skills are essential between team members and other professions involved in the care of the service user as this enables continuity of care. b) Failing to carry out the requirements of my role by not following policies, procedures and legislation and not complying with regulatory bodies endangers the health and wellbeing of service users and may put other team members at risk. Not following manual handling procedures, for example, would put me and the service user at risk of injury and not wearing personal protective equipment  when necessary may put me and others at risk of infection. Poor practice may also result in complaints from service users, disciplinary action and in severe cases it may lead to me losing my job, being prosecuted and/or prevented from working in the health and social care setting. Bviii As a Community Home Carer I must follow best practice within my work role and work to the company policies and procedures that mirror laws and legislation. There are also external factors which influence the standards that I must adhere to in my work such as the Care Quality Commission (CQC) essential standards, Skills for Care’s Common Induction Standards (CIS) which are the standards people working in health social care need to meet before they can safely work unsupervised (e.g. manual handling, first aid, health and safety training), the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) codes of practice and ADASS’ ‘Safeguarding Adults: A National Framework of Standards for good practice and outcomes in adult protection work’, which sets out a framework of best practice standards. Government initiatives also have an influence on the roles of carers such as ‘Our Care, Our Health Our Say’ which sets out policy goals to make health and social care ser vices that are designed around the patient rather than the needs of the patient being forced to fit around the service already provided. ‘Putting People First’ also aims for a personalised approach to the delivery of adult social care. Bix a) Two different representative bodies which influence my area of work are the care quality commission and the health and care professions council. b) The role of the care quality commission (CQC) is to regulate, inspect and review all adult health and social care services in the public, private and voluntary sectors in England and make sure that they are meeting national standards. These services include hospitals, care homes, GPs, dentists and services in the home (e.g. home carers). The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) are a regulatory body set up to protect the public by keeping a register of health and care professionals that meet their standards for training, professional skills, behaviour and health. If professionals fail  to meet these standards then they may be removed from the register and prevented from practicing. The HCPC replaced the General Social Care Council (GSCC) which was abolished in 2012.

Knowledge and Power

Knowledge and Power Free Online Research Papers Much as I would like to be the fist-pounding orator, I’d like to begin by asking you to close your eyes and imagine. Imagine an emperor poised on his throne, armies at his command, wealth at his disposal, and servants at his beck and call. Then, imagine him illiterate about the world. And while we’re imagining things, let’s suppose he has a Grand Visor who is well-versed in science, politics and the social issues of the day. Which of the two do you think commands the real power of the throne? Let’s examine history. There have been eras where large populations were enslaved by empires. The Egyptian, the Roman and the British Empires are all examples. There have been monarchies where the rights of ordinary citizens were suppressed and they were ruled with an iron fist. Ivan the Terrible, the frightful tsar of Russia comes to mind, who regularly butchered his subjects on a whim. The French monarchy is known to have indulged in luxury while the citizenry toiled to make ends meet. All of this transpired under the umbrella of ignorance; the antithesis of knowledge. And what happened? What does history tell us? When the light of knowledge dawned on these people, the balance of power shifted dramatically. Domineering kings fell victim to the blows of enlightenment being struck against them by ordinary folk. Knowledge and power are intricately linked to one another. It’s true that there are several systems in the world, some would argue, the ugly side of the feudal system in Pakistan is one of them, where one doesn’t seem to require a lot of knowledge to exert influence. After all, these feudal lords are no Einsteins! Yet, I would argue that it is in fact the LACK of knowledge among the serfs that is responsible for the hold these lords have on them. But perhaps politics is not your cup of tea. Perhaps you’re thinking, what about science? What about art? Scientists are no kings. Artists don’t embrace thrones and issue decrees. And you’re right, they don’t. But if anyone thinks that an eminent scientist or a writer, or an artist has had no power, he or she is sorely mistaken. Again, history instructs us. Galileo overturned an entire era of philosophical thought by announcing that the Earth was actually NOT at the center of the universe. That simple suggestion rocked the theocracy of the time, who were terrified by the idea and threatened by the son of a musician from Pisa. It escalated to the point, where he had to offer a public apology of sorts, in essence for being ‘right’. There is no dispute among historians, scientists and theologians today that the ideas of people like Galileo forever altered the intellectual, social and political landscape of the world. Or how about Socrates? A short, ugly, unassuming man who grazed the streets of Ancient Greece, without a job or any resources, yet influenced some of the most prominent thinkers of the ancient world. Socrates influenced Plato who in turn was invaluable in educating and motivating the young Alexander, son of King Philip of Macedonia. Yes, indeed, I am speaking of Alexander the Great, conqueror of the known world, a man known to wield tremendous power. Can we really take away the inextricable linkage of knowledge from his power? To me, that is impossibility! In conclusion, knowledge and power appear to be two facets of the same process. The process of altering the world and the people in it. Of influencing minds and shaping ideas. The challenge before the human race is to use our knowledge wisely and to foster goodness wherever and whenever we can. In my humble opinion, that is the essence of true power! Thank you very much. Research Papers on Knowledge and PowerBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal Immigration

reason vs. passion essays

reason vs. passion essays In his plays The Bacchae and Medea, Greek playwright Euripides expresses his views quite clearly on the relationship between reason and passion in human life. Euripides believes that there is a constant struggle between the two elements, and people must be able to find the proper balance in order to exist peacefully, something his characters were unable to do. He expresses, via his characters, his belief that passion dominates this struggle in most cases, and when this occurs, proper logic is skewed. The lead role in each of these plays failed to find the proper balance of passion and reason, and in failure found death. The title role in Euripides play Medea is a proud, powerful, self-driven woman who strives to avenge an act committed by her husband, Jason. As the play opens, the audience learns that Jason has recently left Medea for another woman. This crushes Medea, as she has sacrificed much for Jason, and truly believes that they are lovers meant to be together for life. She enters a long period of mourning, and becomes inconsolable by even her closest of friends. Eventually her sadness turns to anger, and she begins seeking revenge for the wrong she has been done. Medea immediately begins plotting against Jason, and devises a plan, which she believes, will hurt him in the worst possible way. She decides to kill everyone close to him, including the children they have together, and destroy any legacy that may survive him. She carefully draws out every detail of the plan, ensuring its completion. Medea is successful in this aspect, as she is able to carry out everything she plans on. H owever, she does not plan on the struggle that would accompany these acts. Medea is forced to battle not only those around her, who beg her not to take the lives of her children, but she must fight her conscience as well. In the end, Medea kills her own children. This act is an example of passion overtaking ...

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) Term Paper

Strategic marketing management analysis & decisions (examination) - Term Paper Example Initiative of the government to construct bicycle-specific routes and improves on roads further increase opportunities for more bicycle manufacturing. Seasonal changes and weather effects may discourage people from purchasing bicycles. In addition, high cost for bicycle development presents a threat to the company. Low market demand of the bicycles because of cheaper substitutes is a threat. Moreover, laws that govern some geographical areas do not allow the use of bicycles in such areas thereby posing a threat to the national industry. Difficulties in estimating safety properties of the bicycles and complexity of the application to some uses are threats to the company. The industry’s financial stability position offers a major strength to the company. Availability of skilled and quality employees of the Japan bicycle industry is strength of the company. Moreover, production of quality bicycles gives the company a good reputation thus strengthening the company. In addition, manufacture of user-friendly bicycles that are not complicated to the rider further increase the sales of bicycles. Japan bicycle industry ensures that the bicycles do not pollute the environment. The research and development department of the industry conduct excellent research on the needs of consumers and innovations that enhance manufacture of quality bicycles. *The industry does not provide safety measures to cyclists that may result in unskillful cycling in young people and accidents. The bicycles can be easily broken because of structural weakness. Moreover, competition from other manufacturers is a weakness to the company. The inability of increasing the visibility in customers presents a major weakness. The main objective of Japan national industry is to make profit by ensuring the sale of quality bicycles to the consumers. Japan industry has developed sustainable and achievable methods to help maintain their competitiveness in the market. The

The Youngest Daughter by Cathy Song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Youngest Daughter by Cathy Song - Essay Example Therefore, without any choice, the youngest daughter has to look after her mother and take care of her, returning all the mother’s sacrifices for her, her siblings and even their father. In trying to understand more clearly the matters the speaker is bringing to the reader’s attention, the speaker will be discussed further in detail together with the setting, style, ambiguity reflected in the poem and also the impact the poem has on this author. Reading the poem once may not bring much sense because of the ambiguity of words used. One can never tell what the poet is really talking about not unless he knows pretty well Asian traditions which are pertinent in the poem. From the point of view of someone who is blinded about Asian traditions, the literal meanings can be understood but somehow, he would notice that obviously, the poet is saying something else other than what is literally meant by the words. For instance, the phrase, â€Å"The sky has been dark for many year s†, could be well understood literally. However, it seems to be unrelated to the succeeding lines of the first paragraph so that one cannot help but question what the poet is trying to say behind such words. Similarly, the phrase also seems to have no relevance to the other paragraphs. In fact, the images created in each paragraph appear to be just separate circumstances in the speaker’s life which do not really give a clear overview of what she is presenting. Nevertheless, a little background about Chinese traditions, assuming that the speaker is Chinese because the author is of Chinese descent, will greatly help in understanding the poem. It is expected of the youngest Chinese daughter not to marry in order for her to be able to take care of the aging parents. If she marries, she will still have the responsibility of taking care of them especially when they are sick. Considering the burdens of having one’s own family and the need to take care of one’s pa rents, it would perhaps be best for the youngest daughter not to marry. In the poem, it is obvious that the daughter opted for the latter. The phrase â€Å"The sky has been dark for many years†, now has a figurative meaning, describing how dark the years have gone by for the youngest daughter who has done nothing but take care of her ailing mother. From the fourth stanza, one can suppose that the youngest daughter has been attending to her mother’s needs for thirty years and that long a time could really put someone in a melancholic life and yearn for an escape. The youngest daughter, despite her obligations, still tries to dream about her future. Perhaps she has been doing that for the past thirty years so that thinking of her freedom now deeply hurts her. In the second stanza, the speaker says, â€Å"when I touch my eyelids, my hands react as if I had just touched something hot enough to burn†. Touching one’s eyelid could be an effort to clear oneâ€⠄¢s eyes, for her to look more clearly. However, whenever she looks at the realities of life, at the fact that she actually does not have to take all the obligations of taking care of her mother, she pains so much and therefore has to remove her hands away from her eyelids immediately. For the Chinese, it is almost a crime to leave aged parents in the care of other people. They cling to Confucius’ teachings that children have the responsibility of returning the care their parents have lavished on them.     Ã‚  

Interpretive exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpretive exercise - Assignment Example There are several different ways that the word is translated. It can be translated meaning benefit or bounty—as when someone prays, etc. Grace can be an expression of thanks—whether for benefits, services, or favors. Grace can also mean some type of recompense or reward for having done a very good job. Another way in which grace could be used would be to talk about the actual token or proof or benefit that grace provides. Of course, grace could also mean the spiritual condition in which one finds oneself where one is guided by the power of divine grace. Grace can also mean those things which are they themselves due to grace having been part of their lives. Grace is also known as an exercising of the Christian virtues. Grace keeps one. Grace strengthens one. Grace is supposed to increase us in the Christian faith; grace is supposed to undergird our knowledge and inform our affections, kindling us to do good works. Of course, in this passage to the Ephesians, Paul is maki ng an exhortation that we not only take the grace that has been bestowed upon us by Christ, but this is a call to action helping everyone realize that we are not to take that grace for granted as Christians. Grace affords us joy. It gives us pleasing moments and moments of delight, sweetness, loveliness, and of course charm. The way Christians act should be undergirded by graceful speech, with goodwill, lovingkindness, and a favor that we can extend to others by simply making a pathway to lead a gracious life, thankful for all that we have and all that we are and all that we do. Matching Up Meanings and Translations The question could then be raised, â€Å"Does the author’s argument in the book suggest a meaning?†2 For, living the Christian life is not just about being a poser saying that one loves Jesus. Because, ultimately, it is not merely enough to declare that one has been absolved of all sins and then go out and do whatever one wants. One must live a life that is pleasing to God in any and all aspects of our lives. Next we had to match up these meanings and translations with the Scripture verses in which each appears. It was quite extensive, but basically we saw the same pattern reoccurring over and over again. It has been said that mercy is not getting something you deserve, while grace is getting something that you don’t deserve. It’s important to know the difference. As has been aforementioned, there are a great wide variety of meanings that have come to be associated with what grace is—as well as what grace is not. â€Å"By faith are ye saved by grace† is one of the calling cards of the New Testament in Ephesians 2:8a, from the King James Version. Grace comes from the Greek root â€Å"charis,† and lends itself to the word charity, which does not just mean handouts being given to a bum out on the street—but charis is also the root word for charity, which also can mean â€Å"love.† Colossia ns 3:16 in the King James Version also states, â€Å"Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord.†3 In this case, grace most definitely appears to mean ‘love.’ But, as it may come as no surprise that Paul also wrote this Letter to the Colossians, he is definitely

Widow, is no longer able to live independently Essay Example for Free

Widow, is no longer able to live independently Essay Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family? Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family? Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?Mrs. Jones, a widow, is no longer able to live independently and is requiring more and more help with her self-care. Her daughter, Susie, who is married with three school-aged children, agrees to let her mother move in with her. Susie is concerned with balancing the demands of her career and the needs of her family, especially now that her elderly and chronically ill mother will need assistance. She is also unsure about how she feels with the reversal of roles, having to now be the primary caregiver of her mother. How can the nurse, caring for this family, assist with the changes they are about to undergo? How can both the family structural theory and the family developmental theory be applied to this scenario? How can health education enhance health promotion for this family?